THE    ..•.■■;';''^  •'''■'■■   ■■•■'■ 
PEACE  TREATIES 

Comprising 

The  League  of  Nations  Covenant 
Digest  of  the  German  Treaty 
Digest  of  the  Austrian  Treaty 

with  annotations  by 

The  American  Mission  at  the 
Peace  Conference 

Milestones  on  the  Road  to  Victory 


INDEXED 


jy  COPYRIGHTED  1919  BY 

THE  FEDERAL  TRADE  INFORMATION  SERVICE 
NEW  YORK  AND  WASHINGTON 


PUBLICATION  of  this  book  has  been 
deferred  until  both  Germany  and  Austria, 
the  nations  with  which  the  United  States  was 
at  war,  had  signed  the  peace  terms  of  the 
allied  and  associated  powers. 

No  book  which  may  have  appeared  hither- 
to is  based  upon  the  final  and  accepted  draft 
of  the  two  treaties  with  annotations  by  the 
American  Mission    at  the  Peace  Conference. 

This  book  may  be  considered,  therefore, 
as  authoritative. 

The  purpose  is  to  present  in  easily 
understandable  terms  the  treaties,  which  upon 
ratification  by  the  United  States  Senate  will 
end  the  war  officially  for  the  United  States; 
with  appropriate  data  relating  to  the  great  war. 


TREATY    OF    PEACE    WITH    GERMANY 


TREATY  OF  PEACE  WITH  GERMAjNY 

THE  UNITED  STATES  OF  AMEl^IGi,.TIl|^:  BTlITiai 
EMPIRE,  FRANCE,  ITALY  and  JAPAN,'    ''"' -  :  >  : 

These  Powers  being  described  in  the  Treaty  as  the  Principal 
Allied  and  Associated  Powers, 

BELGIUM,  BOLIVIA,  BRAZIL,  CHINA,  CUBA,  ECUA- 
DOR, GREECE,  GUATEMALA,  HAITI,  THE  HEDJAZ, 
HONDURAS,  LIBERIA,  NICARAGUA,  PANAMA,  PERU, 
POLAND,  PORTUGAL,  ROUMANIA,  THE  SERB-CROAT- 
SLOVENE  STATE,  SIAM,  CZECHO-SLOVAKIA  and  URU- 
GUAY, 

These  Powers  constituting  with  the  Principal  Powers  men- 
tioned above  the  Allied  and  Associated  Powers, 

of  the  one  part; 
and  GERMANY, 

of  the  other  part; 

Bearing  in  mind  that  on  the  request  of  the  Imperial  German 
Government  an  Armistice  was  granted  on  November  11,  1918,  to 
Germany  by  the  Principal  Allied  and  Associated  Powers  in  order 
that  a  Treaty  of  Peace  might  be  concluded  with  her,  and 

The  Allied  and  Associated  Powers  being  equally  desirous  that 
the  war  in  wliich  they  were  successively  involved  directly  or  in- 
directly which  originated  in  the  declaration  of  war  by  Austria- 
Hungary  on  July  28,  1914,  against  Serbia,  the  declaration  of 
war  by  Germany  against  Russia  on  August  1,  1914,  and  against 
France  on  August  3,  1914,  and  in  the  invasion  of  Belgium,  should 
be  replaced  by  a  firm,  just  and  durable  Peace, 

For  this  purpose  the  HIGH  CONTRACTING  PARTIES 
represented  as  follows: 

THE  PRESIDENT  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES  OF  AMERICA, 

by: 

The  Honourable  Woodrow  Wilson,  President  of  the 

United  States,  acting  in  jjis  own  name  and  by  his 

own  proper  authority. 
The  Honourable  Robert  Lansing,  Secretary  of  State; 
The  Honourable  Henry  White,  formerly  Ambassador 

Extraordinary    and    Plenipotentiary   of   the   United 

States  at  Rome  and  Paris; 
The  Honourable  Edward  M.  House; 
General  Tasker  H.  Bliss,  Mihtary  Representative  of  the 
'         United  States  on  the  Supreme  War  Council; 


x;i,y*jL«.i/«  f^f^ 


THE      pIe  ace      treaties 


HIS  MAJESTY  THE  KING  OF  THE  UNITED  KINGDOM 

..,  .GREAT. -BKITAIN   AND   IRELAND   AND    OF   THE 

•:  •:,teRm6il;-l56MINIONS  BEYOND  THE  SEAS,  JEMPER- 

.  /.  .Oja  .OF.  .INDIA; %: 

;.::;:;..:  {^he'IJight'.Honourable  David  Lloyd  George,  M.  P., 

' '   *   First  Lord  of  His  Treasury  and  Prime  Minister; 

The  Right  Honourable  Andrew  Bonar  Law,  M.  P.,  His 

Lord  Privy  Seal; 
The  Right  Honourable  Viscount  Milner,  G.  C.  B.,  G.  C. 

M.  G.,  His  Secretary  of  State  for  the  Colonies. 
The  Right  Honourable  Arthur  James  Balfour,  0.  M. 

M.  P.,  His  Secretary  of  State  for  Foreign  Affairs; 
The  Right  Honourable  George  NicoU  Barnes,  M.  P., 
Minister  without  portfolio; 
And 
for  the  DOMINION  OF  CANADA,  by: 

The  Honourable  Charles  Joseph  Doherty,  Minister  of 
Justice; 

The  Honourable  Arthur  Lewis  Sifton,  Minister  of  Cus- 
toms, 

for  the  COMMONWEALTH  of  AUSTRALIA,  by: 

The  Right  Honourable  William  Morris  Hughes,  Attorney 

General  and  Prime  Minister; 
The  Right  Honourable  Sir  Joseph  Cook,  G.  C.  M.  G., 

Minister  for  the  Navy ; 

for  the  UNION  OF  SOUTH  AFRICA,  by: 

General  the  Right  Honourable  Louis  Botha,  Minister 

of  Native  Affairs  and  Prime  Minister; 
Lieutenant-General  the  Right  Honourable  Jan  Christian 

Smuts,  K.  C,  Minister  of  Defence; 

for  the  DOMINION  of  NEW  ZEALAND,  by: 

The  Right  Honourable  WilUam  Ferguson  Massey,  Min- 
ister of  Labour  and  Prime  Minister; 

for  INDIA,  by: 

The  Right  Honourable  Edwin  Samuel  Montagu,  M.  P., 

His  Secretary  of  State  for  India; 
Major-General  His  Highness  Maharaja  Sir  Ganga  Singh 

Bahadur,  Maharaja  of  Bikaner,  G.  C.  S.  L,  G.  C.  I.  E., 

G.  C.  V.  0.,  K.  C.  B.,  A.  D.  C; 

THE  PRESIDENT  OF  THE  FRENCH  REPUBLIC,  by: 

Mr.  Georges  Clemenceau,  President  of  the  Council,  ]\lln- 
ister  of  War; 


TREATY    OF    PEACE    WITH    GERMANY 


Mr.  Stephen  Pichon,  Minister  of  Foreign  Affairs; 
Mr.  Louis-Lucien  Klotz,  Minister  of  Finance; 
Mr.  Andre  Tardieu,  Commissary  General  for  Franco- 
American  Military  Affairs; 
Mr.  Jules  Cambon,  Ambassador  of  France; 

HIS  MAJESTY  THE  KING  OF  ITALY,  by: 

Baron  S.  Sonnino,  Deputy; 

Marquis  G.   Imperiali,   Senator,   Ambassador  of  His 

Majesty  the  King  of  Italy  at  London; 
Mr.  S.  Crespi,  Deputy; 

HIS  MAJESTY  THE  EMPEROR  OF  JAPAN,  by: 

Marquis  Saionzi,  formerly  President  of  the  Council  of 
Ministers; 

Baron  Making,  formerly  Minister  for  Foreign  Affairs, 
Member  of  the  Diplomatic  Council; 

Viscount  Chinda,  Ambassador  Extraordinary  and  Pleni- 
potentiary of  H.  M.  the  Emperor  of  Japan  at  London; 

Mr.  K.  Matsui,  Ambassador  Extraordinary  and  Plenipo- 
tentiary of  H.  M.  the  Emperor  of  Japan  at  Paris; 

Mr.  H.  Ijuin,  Ambassador  Extraordinary  and  Plenipo- 
tentiary of  H.  M.  the  Emperor  of  Japan  at  Rome; 

HIS  MAJESTY  THE  KING  OF  THE  BELGIANS,  by:  • 

Mr.  Paul  Hymans,  Minister  for  Foreign  Affairs,  Minister 

of  State; 
Mr.  Jules  van  den  Heuvel,  Envoy  Extraordinary  and 

Minister  Plenipotentiary,  Minister  of  State; 
Mr.  Emile  Vandervelde,  Minister  of  Justice,  Minister  of 

State: 

THE  PRESIDENT  OF  THE  REPUBLIC  OF  BOLIVIA,  by: 
Mr.  Ismael  Montes,  Envoy  Extraordinary  and  Ministei 
Plenipotentiary  of  Bolivia  at  Paris; 

THE  PRESIDENT  OF  THE  REPUBLIC  OF  BRAZIL,  by: 
Mr.  Joao  Pandia  Calogeras,  Deputy,  formerly  Minister 

of  Finance; 
Mr.  Raul  Fernandes,  Deputy; 

Mr.  Rodrigo  Octavio  de  L.  Menezes,  Professor  of  Inter- 
national Law  of  Rio  de  Janeiro; 

THE  PRESIDENT  OF  THE  CHINESE  REPUBLIC,  by: 

Mr.  Lou  TsENG-TsiANG,  Minister  for  Foreign  Affairs; 
Mr.  Chengting  Thomas  Wang,  formerly  Minister  of 
Agriculture  and  Commerce; 


THE        PEACE        TREATIES 


THE  PRESIDENT  OF  THE  CUBAN  REPUBLIC,  by: 

Mr.  Antonio  Sanchez  de  Bustamante,  Dean  of  the  Fac- 
ulty of  Law  in  the  University  of  Havana,  President  of 
the  Cuban  Society  of  International  Law; 

THE  PRESIDENT  OF  THE  REPUBLIC  OF  ECUADOR,  by: 

Mr.  Enrique  Dorn  y  de  Alsua,  Envoy  Extraordinary 
and  Minister  Plenipotentiary  of  Ecuador  at  Paris; 

HIS  MAJESTY  THE  KING  OF  THE  HELLENES,  by: 

Mr.  Eleftherios  K.  Venis^los,  President  of  the  Council 

of  Ministers; 
Mr.  Nicolas  Politis,  Minister  for  Foreign  Affairs; 

THE  PRESIDENT  OF  THE  REPUBLIC  OF  GUATEMALA, 
by: 

Mr.  Joaquin  Mendez,  formerly  Minister  of  State  for 
Public  Works  and  Public  Instruction,  Envoy  Extra- 
ordinary and  Minister  Plenipotentiary  of  Guatemala 
at  Washington,  Envoy  Extraordinary  and  Minister 
Plenipotentiary  on  special  mission  at  Paris; 

THE  PRESIDENT  OF  THE  REPUBLIC  OF  HAITI,  by: 

Mr.  Tertullien  Guilbaud,  Envoy  Extraordinary  and 
Minister  Plenipotentiary  of  Haiti  at  Paris; 

HIS  MAJESTY  THE  KING  OF  THE  HEDJAZ,  by: 
Mr.  Rustem  HAroAR; 
Mr.  Abdul  Hadi  Aguni; 

THE  PRESIDENT  OF  THE  REPUBLIC  OF  HONDURAS,  by: 

Dr.  Policarpo  Bonilla,  on  special  mission  to  Washington, 
formerly  President  of  the  Repubhc  of  Honduras,  Envoy 
Extraordinary  and  Minister  Plenipotentiary; 

THE  PRESIDENT  OF  THE  REPUBLIC  OF  LIBERIA,  by: 

The  Honourable  Charles  Dunbar  Burgess  King,  Secre- 
tary of  State; 

THE  PRESIDENT  OF  THE  REPUBLIC  OF  NICARAGUA, 
by: 

Mr.  Salvador  Chamorro,  President  of  the  Chamber  of 
Deputies; 

THE  PRESIDENT  OF  THE  REPUBLIC  OF  PANAMA,  by: 
Mr.  Antonio  Burgos,  Envoy  Extraordinary  and  Minister 
Plenipotentiary  of  Panama  at  Madrid; 


TREATY  OF  PEACE  WITH  GERMANY 


THE  PRESIDENT  OF  THE  REPUBLIC  OF  PERU,  by: 

Mr.   Carlos  G.   Candamo,   Envoy  Extraordinary  and 
Minister  Plenipotentiary  of  Peru  at  Paris; 

THE  PRESIDENT  OF  THE  POLISH  REPUBLIC,  by: 

Mr.  Ignace  J.  Paderewski,  President  of  the  Council  of 

Ministers,  Minister  for  Foreign  Affairs; 
Mr.  Roman  Dmowski,  President  of  the  Polish  National 
Committee; 

THE  PRESIDENT  OF  THE  PORTUGUESE  REPUBLIC,  by: 

Dr.  Alfonso  Augusto  da  Costa,  formerly  President  of  the 

Council  of  Ministers; 
Dr.  Augusto  Luiz  Vieira  Scares,  formerly  Minister  for 

Foreign  Affairs; 

HIS  MAJESTY  THE  KING  OF  ROUMANIA,  by: 

Mr.  Ion  I.  C.  Bratiano,  President  of  the  Council  of 

Ministers,  Minister  for  Foreign  Affairs; 
General  Constantin  Coanda,  Corps  Commander,  A.  D. 

C.  to  the  King,  formerly  President  of  the  Council  of 

Ministers; 

HIS  MAJESTY  THE  KING  OF  THE  SERBS,  THE  CROATS, 
AND  THE  SLOVENES,  by: 

Mr.  Nicolas  P.  Pachitch,  formerly  President  of  the 

Council  of  Ministers; 
Mr.  Ante  Trumbic,  Minister  for  Foreign  Affairs; 
Mr.    Milenko    Vesnitch,    Envoy    Extraordinary    and 
Minister  Plenipotentiary  of  H.  M.  the  King  of  the 
Serbs,  the  Croats  and  the  Slovenes  at  Paris; 

HIS  MAJESTY  THE  KING  OF  SIAM,  by: 

His  Highness  Prince  Charoon,  Envoy  Extraordinary  and 

Minister  Plenipotentiary  of  H.  M.  the  King  of  Siara 

at  Paris; 
His  Serene  Highness  Prince  Traidos  Prabandhu,  Under 

Secretary  of  State  for  Foreign  Affairs; 

THE  PRESIDENT  OF  THE  CZECHO-SLOYAK  REPUBLIC, 
by: 

Mr.  Karel  Kramar,  President  of  the  Council  of  Ministers; 
Mr.  Eduard  Benes,  Minister  for  Foreign  Affairs; 

THE  PRESIDENT  OF  THE  REPUBLIC  OF  URUGUAY,  by: 
Mr.  Juan  Antonio  Buero,  Minister  for  Foreign  Affairs, 
formerly  Minister  of  Industry; 

5 


THE        PEACE        TREATIES 

GERMANY,  by: 

Mr.  Hermann  Muller,  Minister  for  Foreign  Affairs  of 

the  Empire; 
Dr.  Bell,  Minister  of  the  Empire; 
Acting  in  the  name  of  the  German  Empire  and  of  each  and 
every  component  State. 

WHO  having  communicated  their  full  powers  found  in  good 
and  due  form  have  AGREED  AS  FOLLOWS: 

From  the  coming  into  force  of  the  present  Treaty  the  state  of 
war  will  terminate.  From  that  moment  and  subject  to  the  pro- 
visions of  this  Treaty  official  relations  with  Germany,  and  with 
any  of  the  German  States,  will  be  resumed  by  the  Allied  and 
Associated  Powers. 

PART  L 
THE  COVENANT  OF  THE  LEAGUE  OF  NATIONS. 

(The  League  of  Nations  covenant  constitutes  the  first  section  of  each 
treaty.  It  is  here  given  in  full  text  as  Part  One  of  the  German  treaty,  and, 
to  differentiate  it  from  the  digesFof  the  remaining  sections,  is  set  in  larger 
type.) 

The  High  Contracting  Parties, 

In  order  to  promote  international  co-operation  and  to  achieve 
international  peace  and  security 

by  the  acceptance  of  obligations  not  to  resort  to  war, 
by  the  prescription  of  open,  just  and  honourable  relations 

between  nations, 
by  the  firm  establishment  of  the  understandings  of  inter- 
national law  as  the  actual  rule  of  conduct  among 
Governments,  and 
by  the  maintenance  of  justice  and  a  scrupulous  respect 
for  all  treaty  obligations  in  the  dealings  of  organized 
peoples  with  one  another, 
Agree  to  this  Covenant  of  the  League  of  Nations. 

Article  1. 

The  original  Members  of  the  League  of  Nations  shall  be 
those  of  the  Signatories  which  are  named  in  the  Annex  to  this 
Covenant  and  also  such  of  those  other  States  named  in  the  Annex 
as  shall  accede  without  reservation  to  this  Covenant.  Such 
accession  shall  be  effected  by  a  Declaration  deposited  with  the 
Secretariat  within  two  months  of  the  coming  into  force  of  the 
Covenant.  Notice  thereof  shall  be  sent  to  all  other  Members  of 
the  League. 

Any  fully  self-governing  State,  Dominion  or  Colony  not 
named  in  the  Annex  may  become  a  Member  of  the  League  if  its 


LEAGUE    OF    NATIONS    COVENANT 


admission  is  agreed  to  by  two-thirds  of  the  Assembly,  provided 
that  it  shall  give  effective  guarantees  of  its  sincere  intention  to 
observe  its  international  obligations,  and  shall  accept  such  regula- 
tions as  may  be  prescribed  by  the  League  in  regard  to  its  military, 
naval  and  air  forces  and  armaments. 

Any  Member  of  the  League  may,  after  two  years'  notice  of 
its  intention  so  to  do,  withdraw  from  the  League,  provided  that 
all  its  international  obligations  and  all  its  obligations  under  this 
Covenant  shall  have  been  fulfilled  at  the  time  of  its  withdrawal. 

Article  2. 
The  action  of  the  League  under  this  Covenant  shall  be 
effected  through  the  instrumentahty  of  an  Assembly  and  of 
a  Council,  with  a  permanent  Secretariat. 

Article  3. 

The  Assembly  shall  consist  of  Representatives  of  the  Members 
of  the  League. 

The  Assembly  shall  meet  at  stated  intervals  and  from  time 
to  time  as  occasion  may  require  at  the  Seat  of  the  League  or  at 
such  other  place  as  may  be  decided  upon. 

The  Assembly  may  deal  at  its  meetings  with  any  matter 
witliin  the  sphere  of  action  of  the  League  or  affecting  the  peace 
of  the  world. 

At  meetings  of  the  Assembly  each  Member  of  the  League 
shall  have  one  vote,  and  may  have  not  more  than  three  Repre- 
sentatives. 

Article  4. 

The  Council  shall  consist  of  Representatives  of  the  Principal 
AUied  and  Associated  Powers,  together  with  Representatives 
of  four  other  Members  of  the  League.  These  four  Members  of 
the  League  shall  be  selected  by  the  Assembly  from  time  to  time 
in  its  discretion.  Until  the  appointment  of  the  Representatives 
of  the  four  Members  of  the  League  first  selected  by  the  Assembly, 
Representatives  of  Relgium,  Rrazil,  Spain  and  Greece  shall  be 
members  of  the  Council. 

With  the  approval  of  the  majority  of  the  Assembly,  the 
Council  may  name  additional  Members  of  the  League  whose  Rep- 
resentatives shall  always  be  members  of  the  Council;  the  Council 
with  like  approval  may  increase  the  number  of  Members  of  the 
League  to  be  selected  by  the  Assembly  for  representation  on  the 
Council. 

The  Council  shall  meet  from  time  to  time  as  occasion  may 
require,  and  at  least  once  a  year,  at  the  Seat  of  the  League,  or  at 
such  other  place  as  may  be  decided  upon. 


THE        PEACE        TREATIES 


The  Council  may  deal  at  its  meetings  with  any  matter  within 
the  sphere  of  action  of  the  League  or  affecting  the  peace  of  the 
world. 

Any  Member  of  the  League  not  represented  on  the  Council 
shall  be  invited  to  send  a  Representative  to  sit  as  a  member 
at  any  meeting  of  the  Council  during  the  consideration  of  matters 
specially  affecting  the  interests  of  that  Member  of  the  League. 

At  meetings  of  the  Council,  each  Member  of  the  League 
represented  on  the  Council  shall  have  one  vote,  and  may  have 
not  more  than  one  Representative. 

Article  5. 

Except  where  otherwise  expressly  provided  in  this  Covenant 
or  by  the  terms  of  the  present  Treaty,  decisions  at  any  meet- 
ing of  the  Assembly  or  of  the  Council  shall  require  the  agree- 
ment of  all  the  Members  of  the  League  represented  at  the  meeting. 

All  matters  of  procedure  at  meetings  of  the  Assembly  or  of 
the  Council,  including  the  appointment  of  Committees  to  investi- 
gate particular  matters,  shall  be  regulated  by  the  Assembly  or  by 
the  Council  and  may  be  decided  by  a  majority  of  the  Members 
of  the  League  represented  at  the  meeting. 

The  first  meeting  of  the  Assembly  and  the  first  meeting  of 
the  Council  shall  be  summoned  by  the  President  of  the  United 
States  of  America. 

Article  6. 

The  permanent  Secretariat  shall  be  established  at  the  Seat 
of  the  League.  The  Secretariat  shall  comprise  a  Secretary  General 
and  such  secretaries  and  staff  as  may  be  required. 

The  first  Secretary  General  shall  be  the  person  named  in  the 
Annex;  thereafter  the  Secretary  General  shall  be  appointed  by  the 
Council  with  the  approval  of  the  majority  of  the  Assembly. 

The  secretaries  and  staff  of  the  Secretariat  shall  be  appointed 
by  the  Secretary  General  with  the  approval  of  the  Council. 

The  Secretary  General  shall  act  in  that  capacity  at  all  meet- 
ings of  the  Assembly  and  of  the  Council. 

The  expenses  of  the  Secretariat  shall  be  borne  by  the  Members 
of  the  League  in  accordance  with  the  apportionment  of  the  expenses 
of  the  International  Bureau  of  the  Universal  Postal  Union. 

Article  7. 

The  Seat  of  the  League  is  established  at  Geneva. 

The  Council  may  at  any  time  decide  that  the  Seat  of  the 
League  shall  be  established  elsewhere. 

All  positions  under  or  in  connection  with  the  League,  including 
the  Secretariat,  shall  be  open  equally  to  men  and  women. 

Representatives  of  the  Members  of  the  League  and  officials 

8 


LEAGUE    OF    NATIONS    COVENANT 


of  the  League  when  engaged  on  the  business  of  the  League  shall 
enjoy  diplomatic  privileges  and  immunities. 

The  buildings  and  other  property  occupied  by  the  League  or 
its  officials  or  by  Representatives  attending  its  meetings  shall  be 
inviolable. 

Article  8. 

The  Members  of  the  League  recognize  that  the  maintenance 
of  peace  requires  the  reduction  of  national  armaments  to  the 
lowest  point  consistent  with  national  safety  and  the  enforcement 
by  common  action  of  international  obligations. 

The  Council,  taking  account  of  the  geographical  situation 
and  circumstances  of  each  State,  shall  formulate  plans  for  such 
reduction  for  the  consideration  and  action  of  the  several  Govern- 
ments. 

Such  plans  shall  be  subject  to  reconsideration  and  revision 
at  least  every  ten  years. 

After  these  plans  shall  have  been  adopted  by  the  several  Gov- 
ernments, the  limits  of  armaments  therein  fixed  shall  not  be 
exceeded  without  the  concurrence  of  the  Council. 

The  Members  of  the  League  agree  that  the  manufacture  by 
private  enterprise  of  munitions  and  implements  of  war  is  open 
to  grave  objections.  The  Council  shall  advise  how  the  evil 
efiFects  attendant  upon  such  manufacture  can  be  prevented,  due 
regard  being  had  to  the  necessities  of  those  Members  of  the 
League  which  are  not  able  to  manufacture  the  munitions  and 
implements  of  war  necessary  for  their  safety. 

The  Members  of  the  League  undertake  to  interchange  full 
and  frank  information  as  to  the  scale  of  their  armaments,  their 
mihtary,  naval  and  air  programmes  and  the  condition  of  such 
of  their  industries  as  are  adaptable  to  war-like  purposes. 

Article  9. 
A  permanent  Commission  shall  be  constituted  to  advise  the 
Council  on  the  execution  of  the  provisions  of  Articles  1  and  8 
and  on  mihtary,  naval  and  air  questions  generally. 

Article  10. 
The  Members  of  the  League  undertake  to  respect  and  pre- 
serve as  against  external  aggression  the  territorial  integrity 
and  existing  political  independence  of  all  Members  of  the  League. 
In  case  of  any  such  aggression  or  in  case  of  any  threat  or  danger 
of  such  aggression  the  Council  shall  advise  upon  the  means  by 
which  this  obligation  shall  be  fulfilled. 

Article  1L 
Any  war  or  threat  of  war,  whether  immediately  affecting  any 
of  the  Members  of  the  League  or  not,  is  hereby  declared  a  matter 


THE        PEACE        TREATIES 


of  concern  to  the  whole  League,  and  the  League  shall  take  any 
action  that  may  be  deemed  wise  and  effectual  to  safeguard  the 
peace  of  nations.  In  case  any  such  emergency  should  arise 
the  Secretary  General  shall  on  the  request  of  any  Member  of 
the  League  forthwith  summon  a  meeting  of  the  Council. 

It  is  also  declared  to  be  the  friendly  right  of  each  Member 
of  the  League  to  bring  to  the  attention  of  the  Assembly  or  of 
the  Council  any  circumstance  whatever  affecting  international 
relations  which  threatens  to  disturb  international  peace  or  the 
good  understanding  between  nations  upon  which  peace  depends. 

Article  12. 

The  Members  of  the  League  agree  that  if  there  should  arise 
between  them  any  dispute  likely  to  lead  to  a  rupture,  they  will 
submit  the  matter  either  to  arbitration  or  to  inquiry  by  the 
Council,  and  they  agree  in  no  case  to  resort  to  war  until  three 
months  after  the  award  by  the  arbitrators  or  the  report  by  the 
Council. 

In  any  case  under  this  Article  the  award  of  the  arbitrators 
shall  be  made  within  a  reasonable  time,  and  the  report  of  the 
Council  shall  be  made  within  six  months  after  the  submission  of 
this  dispute. 

Article  13. 

The  Members  of  the  League  agree  that  whenever  any  dispute 
shall  arise  between  them  which  they  recognize  to  be  suitable 
for  submission  to  arbitration  and  which  cannot  be  satisfactorily 
settled  by  diplomacy,  they  will  submit  the  whole  subject-matter 
to  arbitration. 

Disputes  as  to  the  interpretation  of  a  treaty,  as  to  any  ques- 
tion of  international  law,  as  to  the  existence  of  any  fact  which 
if  established  would  constitute  a  breach  of  any  international 
obhgation,  or  as  to  the  extent  and  nature  of  the  reparation  to 
be  made  for  any  such  breach,  are  declared  to  be  among  those 
which  are  generally  suitable  for  submission  to  arbitration. 

For  the  consideration  of  any  such  dispute  the  court  of  arbitra- 
tion to  which  the  case  is  referred  shall  be  the  Court  agreed  on 
by  the  parties  to  the  dispute  or  stipulated  in  any  convention 
existing  between  them. 

The  Members  of  the  League  agree  that  they  will  carry  out 
m  full  good  faith  any  award  that  may  be  rendered,  and  that 
they  will  not  resort  to  war  against  a  Member  of  the  League 
which  complies  therewith.  In  the  event  of  any  failure  to  carry 
out  such  an  award,  the  Council  shall  propose  what  steps  should 
be  taken  to  give  effect  thereto. 

10 


LEAGUE    OF    NATIONS    COVENANT 


Article  14. 
The  Council  shall  formulate  and  submit  to  the  Members  of 
the  League  for  adoption  plans  for  the  establishment  of  a  Per- 
manent Court  of  International  Justice.  The  Court  shall  be 
competent  to  hear  and  determine  any  dispute  of  an  international 
character  which  the  parties  thereto  submit  to  it.  The  Court 
may  edso  give  an  advisory  opinion  upon  any  dispute  or  question 
referred  to  it  by  the  Council  or  by  the  Assembly. 

Article  15. 

If  there  should  arise  between  Members  of  the  League  any 
dispute  likely  to  lead  to  a  rupture,  which  is  not  submitted  to 
arbitration  in  accordance  with  Article  13,  the  Members  of  the 
League  agree  that  they  will  submit  the  matter  to  the  Council. 
Any  party  to  the  dispute  may  effect  such  submission  by  giving 
notice  of  the  existence  of  the  dispute  to  the  Secretary  General, 
who  will  make  all  necessary  arrangements  for  a  full  investigation 
and  consideration  thereof. 

For  this  purpose  the  parties  to  the  dispute  will  communicate 
to  the  Secretary  General,  as  promptly  as  possible,  statements 
of  their  case  with' all  the  relevant  facts  and  papers,  and  the  Council 
may  forthwith  direct  the  publication  thereof. 

The  Council  shall  endeavor  to  effect  a  settlement  of  the  dis- 
pute, and  if  such  eflbrts  are  successful,  a  statement  shall  be 
made  public  giving  such  facts  and  explanations  regarding  the 
dispute  and  the  terms  of  settlement  thereof  as  the  Council  may 
deem  appropriate. 

If  the  dispute  is  not  thus  settled,  the  Council  either  unani- 
mously or  by  a  majority  vote  shall  make  and  publish  a  report 
containing  a  statement  of  the  facts  of  the  dispute  and  the  rec- 
ommendations which  are  deemed  just  and  proper  in  regard 
thereto. 

Any  Member  of  the  League  represented  on  the  Council  may 
make  public  a  statement  of  the  facts  of  the  'dispute  and  of  its 
conclusions  regarding  the  same. 

If  a  report  by  the  Council  is  unanimously  agreed  to  by  the 
members  thereof  other  than  the  Representatives  of  one  or  more 
of  the  parties  to  the  dispute,  the  Members  of  the  League  agree 
that  they  will  not  go  to  war  with  any  party  to  the  dispute  which 
compUes  with  the  recommendations  of  the  report. 

If  the  Council  fails  to  reach  a  report  which  is  unanimously 
agreed  to  by  the  members  thereof,  other  than  the  Representatives 
of  one  or  more  of  the  parties  to  the  dispute,  the  Members  of  the 
League  reserve  to  themselves  the  right  to  take  such  action  as  they 
shall  consider  necessary  for  the  maintenance  of  right  and  justice. 

11 


THE        PEACE        TREATIES 


If  the  dispute  between  the  parties  is  claimed  by  one  of  them, 
and  is  found  by  the  Council,  to  arise  out  of  a  matter  which  by 
international  law  is  solely  within  the  domestic  jurisdiction  of 
that  party,  the  Council  shall  so  report,  and  shall  make  no  recom- 
mendation as  to  its  settlement. 

The  Council  may  in  any  case  under  this  Article  refer  the 
dispute  to  the  Assembly.  The  dispute  shall  be  so  referred  at  the 
request  of  either  party  to  the  dispute,  provided  that  such  request 
be  made  within  fourteen  days  after  the  submission  of  the  dispute 
to  the  Council. 

In  any  case  referred  to  the  Assembly,  all  the  provisions  of 
this  Article  and  of  Article  12  relating  to  the  action  and  powers  of 
the  Council  shall  apply  to  the  action  and  powers  of  the  Assembly, 
provided  that  a  report  made  by  the  Assembly,  if  concurred  in  by 
the  Representatives  of  those  Members  of  the  League  represented 
on  the  Council  and  of  a  majority  of  the  other  Members  of  the 
League,  exclusive  in  each  case  of  the  Representatives  of  the 
parties  to  the  dispute,  shall  have  the  same  force  as  a  report  by 
the  Council  concurred  in  by  all  the  members  thereof  other  than 
the  Representatives  of  one  or  more  of  the  parties  to  the  dispute. 

Article  16. 

Should  any  Member  of  the  League  resort  to  war  in  disregard 
of  its  covenants  under  Articles  12,  13  or  15,  it  shall  ipso  facto  be 
deemed  to  have  committed  an  act  of  war  against  all  other  Members 
of  the  League,  which  hereby  undertake  immediately  to  subject  it 
to  the  severance  of  all  trade  or  financial  relations,  the  prohibition  of 
all  intercourse  between  their  nationals  and  the  nationals  of  the 
covenant-breaking  State,  and  the  prevention  of  all  financial,  com- 
mercial or  personal  intercourse  between  the  nationals  of  the 
covenant-breaking  State  and  the  nationals  of  any  other  State, 
whether  a  Member  of  the  League  or  not. 

It  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  Council  in  such  case  to  recom- 
mend to  the  several  Governments  concerned  what  effective 
military,  naval  or  air  force  the  Members  of  the  League  shall 
severally  contribute  to  the  armed  forces  to  be  used  to  protect 
the  covenants  of  the  League. 

The  Members  of  the  League  agree,  further,  that  they  will 
mutually  support  one  another  in  the  financial  and  economic 
measures  which  are  taken  under  this  Article,  in  order  to  minimize 
the  loss  and  inconvenience  resulting  from  the  above  measures, 
and  that  they  will  mutually  support  one  another  in  resisting 
any  special  measures  aimed  at  one  of  their  number  by  the  covenant- 
breaking  State,  and  that  they  will  take  the  necessary  steps  to 
afford  passage  through  their  territory  to  the  forces  of  any  of  the 

12 


LEAGUE    OF    NATIONS    COVENANT 


Members  of  the  League  which  are  co-operating  to  protect  the  coven- 
ants of  the  League. 

Any  Member  of  the  League  which  has  violated  any  covenant 
of  the  League  may  be  declared  to  be  no  longer  a  Member  of 
the  League  by  a  vote  of  the  Council  concurred  in  by  the  Rep- 
resentatives of  all  the  other  Members  of  the  League  represented 
thereon. 

Article  17. 

In  the  event  of  a  dispute  between  a  Member  of  the  League 
and  a  State  which  is  not  a  Member  of  the  League,  or  between 
States  not  Members  of  the  League,  the  State  or  States  not  Members 
of  the  League  shall  be  invited  to  accept  the  obligations  of  member- 
ship in  the  League  for  the  purposes  of  such  dispute,  upon  such  con- 
ditions as  the  Council  may  deem  just.  If  such  invitation  is 
accepted,  the  provisions  of  Articles  12  to  16  inclusive  shall  be 
applied  with  such  modifications  as  may  be  deemed  necessary  by 
the  Council. 

Upon  such  invitation  being  given  the  Council  shall  immedi- 
ately institute  an  inquiry  into  the  circumstances  of  the  dispute 
and  recommend  such  action  as  may  seem  best  and  most  effectual 
in  the  circumstances. 

If  a  State  so  invited  shall  refuse  to  accept  the  obligations 
of  membership  in  the  League  for  the  purposes  of  such  dispute, 
and  shall  resort  to  war  against  a  Member  of  the  League,  the 
provisions  of  Article  16  shall  be  appHcable  as  against  the  State 
taking  such  action. 

If  both  parties  to  the  dispute  when  so  invited  refuse  to 
accept  the  obligations  of  membership  in  the  League  for  the 
purposes  of  such  dispute,  the  Council  may  take  such  measures 
and  make  such  recommendations  as  will  prevent  hostilities  and 
will  result  in  the  settlement  of  the  dispute. 

Article  18. 
Every  treaty  or  international  engagement  entered  into 
hereafter  by  any  Member  of  the  League  shall  be  forthwith  regis- 
tered with  the  Secretariat  and  shall  as  soon  as  possible  be  published 
by  it.  No  such  treaty  or  international  engagement  shall  be  bind- 
ing until  so  registered. 

Article  19. 
The  Assemblymay  from  time  to  time  advise  the  reconsidera- 
tion by  Members  of  the  League  of  treaties  which  have  become 
inapphcable  and  the  consideration  of  international  conditions 
whose  continuance  might  endanger  the  peace  of  the  world. 

13 


THE        PEACE        TREATIES 


Article  20. 

The  Members  of  the  League  severally  agree  that  this  Covenant 
is  accepted  as  abrogating  all  obligations  or  understandings  inter  se 
which  are  inconsistent  with  the  terms  thereof,  and  solemnly 
undertake  that  they  will  not  hereafter  enter  into  any  engagements 
inconsistent  with  the  terms  thereof. 

In  case  any  Member  of  the  League  shall,  before  becoming  a 
Member  of  the  League,  have  undertaken  any  obligations  incon- 
sistent with  the  terms  of  this  Covenant,  it  shall  be  the  duty  of 
such  Member  to  take  immediate  steps  to  procure  its  release  from 
such  obligations. 

Article  2L 
Nothing  in  this  Covenant  shall  be  deemed  to  affect  the 
validity  of  international  engagements,  such  as  treaties  of  arbitra- 
tion or  regional  understandings  like  the  Monroe  doctrine,  for 
securing  the  maintenance  of  peace. 


Article  22. 

To  those  colonies  and  territories  which  as  a  consequence  of 
the  late  war  have  ceased  to  be  under  the  sovereignty  of  the  States 
which  formerly  governed  them  and  which  are  inhabited  by 
peoples  not  yet  able  to  stand  by  themselves  under  the  strenuous 
conditions  of  the  modern  world,  there  should  be  applied  the 
principle  that  the  well-being  and  development  of  such  peoples 
form  a  sacred  trust  of  civilization  and  that  securities  for  the 
performance  of  this  trust  should  be  embodied  in  this  Covenant. 

The  best  method  of  giving  practical  effect  to  this  principle  is 
that  the  tutelage  of  such  peoples  should  be  entrusted  to  advanced 
nations  who  by  reason  of  their  resources,  their  experience  or  their 
geographical  position  can  best  undertake  this  responsibility,  and 
who  are  willing  to  accept  it,  and  that  this  tutelage  should  be 
exercised  by  them  as  Mandatories  on  behalf  of  the  League. 

The  character  of  the  mandate  must  differ  according  to  the 
stage  of  the  development  of  the  people,  the  geographical  situation 
of  the  territory,  its  economic  conditions  and  other  similar  cir- 
cumstances. 

Certain  communities  formerly  belonging  to  the  Turkish 
Empire  have  reached  a  stage  of  development  where  their  existence 
as  independent  nations  can  be  provisionally  recognized  subject 
to  the  rendering  of  administrative  advice  and  assistance  by  a 
Mandatory  until  such  time  as  they  are  able  to  stand  alone.  The 
wishes  of  these  communities  must  be  a  principal  consideration  in 
the  selection  of  the  Mandatory. 

Other  peoples,  especially  those  of  Central  Africa,  are  at  sudi 

14 


LEAGUE    OF    NATIONS    COVENANT 


a  stage  that  the  Mandatory  must  be  responsible  for  the  adminis- 
tration of  the  territory  under  conditions  which  will  guarantee 
freedom  of  conscience  and  religion,  subject  only  to  the  maintenance 
of  public  order  and  morals,  the  prohibition  of  abuses  such  as  the 
slave  trade,  the  arms  traffic  and  the  liquor  traffic,  and  the  preven- 
tion of  the  estabUshment  of  fortifications  or  mihtary  and  naval 
bases  and  of  military  training  of  the  natives  for  other  than  pohce 
purposes  and  the  defence  of  territory,  and  will  also  secure  equal 
opportunities  for  the  trade  and  commerce  of  other  Members  of 
the  League. 

There  are  territories,  such  as  South- West  Africa  and  certain 
of  the  South  Pacific  Islands,  which,  owing  to  the  sparseness  of 
their  population,  or  their  small  size,  or  their  remoteness  from  the 
centers  of  civilization,  or  their  geographical  contiguity  to  the 
territory  of  the  Mandatory,  and  other  circumstances,  can  be  best 
administered  under  the  laws  of  the  Mandatory  as  integral  portions 
of  its  territory,  subject  to  the  safeguards  above  mentioned  in  the 
interests  of  the  indigenous  population. 

In  every  case  of  mandate,  the  Mandatory  shall  render  to  the 
Council  an  annual  report  in  reference  to  the  territory  committed 
to  its  charge. 

The  degree  of  authority,  control,  or  administration  to  be 
exercised  by  the  Mandatory  shall,  if  not  previously  agreed  upon 
by  the  Members  of  the  League,  be  explicitly  defined  in  each  case 
by  the  Council. 

A  permanent  Commission  shall  be  constituted  to  receive  and 
examine  the  annual  reports  of  the  Mandatories  and  to  advise 
the  Council  on  all  matters  relating  to  the  observance  of  the 
mandates. 

Article  23. 

Subject  to  and  in  accordEuice  with  the  provisions  of  interna- 
tional conventions  existing  or  hereafter  to  be  agreed  upon,  the 
Members  of  the  League: 

(a)  will  endeavor  to  secure  and  maintain  fair  and  humane 
conditions  of  labor  for  men,  women,  and  children,  both  in 
their  own  countries  and  in  all  countries  to  which  their  commercial 
and  industrial  relations  extend,  and  for  that  purpose  will  establish 
and  maintain  the  necessary  international  organizations; 

(6)  undertake  to  secure  just  treatment  of  the  native  inhabi- 
tants of  territories  under  their  control ; 

(c)  will  entrust  the  League  with  the  general  supervision  over 
the  execution  of  agreements  with  regard  to  the  traffic  in  women  and 
children,  and  the  traffic  in  opium  and  other  dangerous  drugs; 

(d)  will  entrust  the  League  with  the  general  supervision  of 

15 


THE        PEACE        TREATIES 


the  trade  in  arms  and  ammunition  with  the  countries  in  which 
the  control  of  this  traffic  is  necessary  in  the  common  interest; 

(e)  will  make  provision  to  secure  and  maintain  freedom  of 
communications  and  of  transit  and  equitable  treatment  for  the 
commerce  of  all  Members  of  the  League.  In  this  connection,  the 
special  necessities  of  the  regions  devastated  during  the  war  of 
1914-1918  shall  be  borne  in  mind; 

(/)  will  endeavor  to  take  steps  in  matters  of  international 
concern  for  the  prevention  and  control  of  disease. 

Article  24. 

There  shall  be  placed  under  the  direction  of  the  League  all 
international  bureaus  already  established  by  general  treaties 
if  the  parties  to  such  treaties  consent.  All  such  international 
bureaus  and  all  commissions  for  the  regulation  of  matters  of 
international  interest  hereafter  constituted  shall  be  placed  under 
the  direction  of  the  League. 

In  all  matters  of  international  interest  which  are  regulated  by 
general  conventions  but  which  are  not  placed  under  the  control  of 
international  bureaus  or  commissions,  the  Secretariat  of  the 
League  shall,  subject  to  the  consent  of  the  Council  and  if  desired 
by  the  parties,  collect  and  distribute  all  relevant  information  and 
shall  render  any  other  assistance  which  may  be  necessary  or 
desirable. 

The  Council  may  include  as  part  of  the  expenses  of  the  Secre- 
tariat the  expenses  of  any  bureau  or  commission  which  is  placed 
under  the  direction  of  the  League. 

Article  25. 
The  Members  of  the  League  agree  to  encourage  and  promote 
the  establishment  and  co-operation  of  duly  authorized  voluntary 
national  Red  Cross  organizations  having  as  purposes  the  improve- 
ment of  health,  the  prevention  of  disease  and  the  mitigation  of 
suffering  throughout  the  world. 

Article  26. 
Amendments  to  this  Covenant  will  take  effect  when  ratified 
by  the  Members  of  the  League  whose  Representatives  compose 
the  Council  and  by  a  majority  of  the  Members  of  the  League 
whose  Representatives  compose  the  Assembly. 

^  No  such  amendment  shall  bind  any  Member  of  the  League 
which  signifies  its  dissent  therefrom,  but  in  that  case  it  shall 
cease  to  be  a  Member  of  the  League. 

16 


LEAGUE    OF    NATIONS    COVENANT 


ANNEX. 

i.    original  members  of  the  league  of  nations  signatories 

of  the  treaty  of  peace. 
United  States  of  America.       Haiti. 

Belgium.  Hedjaz. 

Bolivia.  Honduras. 

Brazil.  Italy. 

British  Empire.  Japan. 

Canada.  Liberia. 

Australia.  Nicaragua. 

South  Africa.  Panama. 

New  Zealand.  Peru. 

India.  Poland. 

*China.  Portugal. 

Cuba.  Roumania. 

Ecuador.  Serb-Croat-Slovene  State. 

France.  Siam. 

Greece.  Czecho-Slovakia. 

Guatemala.  Uruguay. 


states  invited  to  accede  to  the  covenant. 

Argentine  Republic.  Persia. 

Chili.  Salvador. 

Colombia.  Spain. 

Denmark.  Sweden. 

Netherlands.  Switzerland. 

Norway.  Venezuela. 
Paraguay. 

ii.    first  secretary  general  of  the  league  of  nations. 

The  Honourable  Sir  James  Eric  Drummond,  K.  C.  M.  G.,  C.  B. 


♦Because  of  dissatisfaction  with  the  terms  of  the  treaty,  the  delep:ates 
of  China,  acting  on  instructions  from  Peking,  did  not  sign.  Neither  China 
nor  its  citizens  are  entitled  to  any  benefits  or  subject  to  any  obUgations  of  a 
contractual  nature  imder  a  treaty  to  which  that  Government  is  not  a  party. 

— American  Mission  at  Peace  Conference. 

17 


THE      PEACE      TREATIES 

PART  II 

CHANGES  IN   GERMAN  BOUNDARIES 

Germany  relinquishes  to  France  all  of  Alsace-Lorraine,  to  Belgium  two 
small  districts  between  Holland  and  Luxemburg,  and  to  Poland  the  Southeastern 
end  of  Silesia,  including  Oppeln,  and  the  greater  part  of  Posen  and  western 
Prussia,  thus  isolating  eastern  Prussia  from  the  remainder  of  the  empire  by 
part  of  Poland.  She  relinquishes  sovereignity  over  the  northeastern  end  of 
eastern  Prussia,  which  includes  40  square  miles  north  of  the  river  Memel, 
and  the  internationalized  area  around  Danzig,  consisting  of  a  V  between  the 
rivers  Nogat  and  Vistula,  and  a  simUiar  strip  of  land  on  the  west  which  takes 
in  the  city  of  Danzig.  Rights  of  Sovereignity  are  given  up  over  the  Saar  basin, 
containing  728  square  miles  between  Bavaria  and  Luxemburg.  The  south- 
eastern third  of  eastern  Prussia,  and  the  area  between  eastern  Prussia  and  the 
Vistula  river  north  of  latitude  53°  3',  comprising  5,785  square  miles,  will 
decide  nationality  by  popular  vote,  as  will  a  part  of  Schleswig  containing 
its  2,787  square  miles. 

The  boundaries  of  Germany  will  be  determined  as  follows: 

1.  With  Belgium: 

From  the  point  common  to  the  three  frontiers  of  Belgium,  Holland  and 
Germany  and  in  a  southerly  direction: 

the  north-eastern  boundary  of  the  former  territory  of  neutral  Moresnel, 
then  the  eastern  boundary  of  the  Kreis  of  Eupen,  then  the  frontier  between 
Belgium  and  the  Kreis  of  Montjoie,  then  the  north-eastern  and  eastern 
boundary  of  the  Kreis  of  Malmedy  to  its  junction  with  the  frontier  of  Luxem- 
burg: 

2.  With  Luxemburg: 

The  frontier  of  August  3,  1914,  to  its  junction  with  the  frontier  of  France 
of  the  18th  July,  1870. 

3.  With  France. 

The  frontier  of  July  18,  1870,  from  Luxemburg  to  Switzerland  with  the 
reservations  made  in  Article  48  of  Section  IV  (Saar  Basin)  of  Part  III. 

4.  With  Switzerland: 
The  present  frontier. 

5.  With  Austria: 

The  frontier  of  August  3,  1914,  from  Switzerland  to  Czecho-Slovakia 
as  hereinafter  defined. 

6.  With  Czecho-Slovakia: 

The  frontier  of  August  3,  1914,  between  Germany  and  Austria  from  its 
junction  with  the  old  administrative  boundary  separating  Bohemia  and  the 
province  of  Upper  Austria  to  the  point  north  of  the  salient  of  the  old  province 
of  Austrian  Silesia  situated  at  about  9  kilometers  east  of  Neustadt. 

18 


TREATY    OF    PEACE    WITH    GERMANY 


7.  With  Poland: 

From  the  point  defined  above  to  a  point  to  be  fixed  on  the  ground  about 
2  kilometers  east  of  Lorzendorf : 

the  frontier  as  it  will  be  fixed  in  accordance  with  Article  88  of  the  present 
Treaty; 

thence  in  a  northerly  direction  to  the  point  where  the  administrative 
boundary  of  Posnania  crosses  the  river  Bartsch: 

a  fine  to  be  fixed  on  the  ground  leaving  the  following  places  in  Poland: 
Skorischau,  Trembatschau,  Kunzendorf,  Schlesie,  Gross  Kosel,  Schreibersdorf, 
Rippin,  Furstlich-Niefken,  Pawelau,  Tscheschen,  Konradau,  Johannisdorf, 
Modzenowe,  Bogdaj,  and  in  Germany:  Lorzendorf,  Kaulwitz,  Glausche,  Dal- 
bersdorf,  Reesewitz,  Stradam,  Gross  Wartenberg,  Kraschen,  Neu  Middlewalde. 
Domaslawitz,  Wedelsdorf,  Tscheschen  Hammer; 

thence  the  administrative  boundary  of  Posnania  north-Avestwards  to 
the  point  where  it  cuts  the  Rawitsch-Hermstadt  railway; 

thence  to  the  point  where  the  administrative  boundary  of  Posnania  cuts 
the  Reisen-Tschirnau  road: 

a  line  to  be  fixed  on  the  ground  passing  west  of  Triebusch  and  Gabel 
and  east  of  Saborwitz; 

thence  the  administrative  boundary  of  Posnania  to  its  junction  with 
the  eastern  administrative  boundary  of  the  Kreis  of  Fraustadt; 

thence  in  a  north-westerly  direction  to  a  point  to  be  chosen  on  the  ground 
between  the  villages  of  Unruhstadt  and  Kopnitz: 

a  fine  to  be  fixed  on  the  ground  passing  west  of  Geyersdorf,  Brenno, 
Fehlen,  Altkloster,  Klebel,  and  east  of  Ulbersdorf,  Buchwald,  Ilgen,  Weine, 
Lupitze,  Schwenten; 

thence  in  a  northerly  direction  to  the  northernmost  point  of  Lake  Chlop: 

a  line  to  be  fixed  on  the  grouod  following  the  median  line  of  the  lakes; 
the  town  and  the  station  of  Bentschen  however  (including  the  junction  of  the 
lines  Schweibus-Bentschen  and  Zullichau-Bentschen)  remaining  in  Polish 
territory; 

thence  in  a  north-easterly  direction  to  the  point  of  junction  of  the  boun- 
daries of  the  Kreise  of  Schwerin,  Bimbaum  and  Meseritz: 

a  line  to  be  fixed  on  the  ground  passing  east  of  Betsche; 

thence  in  a  northerly  direction  the  boundary  separating  the  Kreise  of 
Schwerin  and  Birnbaum,  then  in  an  easterly  direction  the  northern  boundary 
of  Posnania  to  the  point  where  it  cuts  the  river  Netze; 

thence  up  stream  to  its  confluence  with  the  Kuddow; 

the  course  of  the  Netzej 

thence  upstream  to  a  point  to  be  chosen  about  6  kilometres  southeast 
of  Schneidemuhl; 

the  course  of  the  Kuddow; 

thence  north-eastwards  to  the  most  southern  point  of  the  re-entant 
of  the  northern  boundary  of  Posnania  about  5  kilometres  west  of  Stahren; 

19 


THE        PEACE        TREATIES 


a  line  to  be  fixed  on  the  ground  leaving  the  Schneidemuhl-Konitz  railway 
in  this  area  entirely  in  German  territory; 

thence  the  boundary  of  Posnania  north-eastwards  to  the  point  of  the 
salient  it  makes  about  15  kilometres  east  of  Flatow; 

thence  north-eastwards  to  the  point  where  the  river  Kamionka  meets 
the  southern  boundary  of  the  Kreis  of  Konitz  about  3  kilometres  north-east 
of  Grunau; 

a  line  to  be  fixed  on  the  ground  leaving  the  following  places  to  Poland: 
Jasdrowo,  Or.  Lutau,  Kl.  Lutau,  Wittkau,  and  to  Germany:  Gr.  Butzig, 
Cziskowo,  Battrow,  Bock,  Grunau; 

thence  in  a  northerly  direction  the  boundary  between  the  Kreise  of 
Konitz  and  Schlochau  to  the  point  where  this  boundary  cuts  the  river  Brahe; 

thence  to  a  point  on  the  boundary  of  Pomerania  15  kilometres  east  of 
Rummelsburg; 

a  line  to  be  fixed  on  the  ground  leaving  the  following  places  in  Poland: 
Konarzin,  Kelpia,  Adl.  Briesen,  and  in  Germany:  Sampohl,  Neuguth,  Steinfort 
Gr.  Peterkau; 

then  the  boundary  of  Pomerania  in  an  easterly  direction  to  its  junction 
with  the  boundary  between  the  Kreise  of  Konitz  and  Schlochau; 

thence  northwards  the  boundary  between  Pomerania  and  West  Prussia 
to  the  point  on  the  river  Rheda  about  3  kilometres  northwest  of  Gohra  where 
that  river  is  joined  by  a  tributary  from  the  north-west; 

thencQ  to  a  point  to  be  selected  in  the  bend  of  the  Plasnitz  river  about 
1^  kilometres  north-west  of  Warschkau: 

a  line  to  be  fixed  on  the  ground; 

thence  this  river  downstream,  then  the  median  line  of  Lake  Zamowitz, 
then  the  old  boundary  of  West  Prussia  to  the  Baltic  Sea. 

8.  With  Denmark: 

The  frontier  as  it  will  be  fixed  in  accordance  with  Articles  109  to  111  of 
Part  III,  Section  XII  (Schleswig), 


20 


TREATY    OF    PEACE    WITH    GERMANY 

PART  III 

EUROPEAN  POLITICAL  CLAUSES 

The  Scrap  of  Paper 

Germany  agrees  to  the  abrogation  of  the  treaties  of  1839  under  the  terms 
of  which  Belgium  was  established  as  a  neutral  state  (the  scrap  of  paper). 
She  agrees  in  advance  to  any  treaty  or  arrangement  the  allied  and  associated 
governments  shall  conclude  in  lieu  of  the  1839  conventions. 
Belgian  Sovereignty 

Germany  agrees  to  refcognize  the  full  sovereignty  of  Belgium  over  the 
territory  of  Moresnet  and  over  a  portion  of  Prussian  Moresnet  and  to  sm-render 
in  favor  of  Belgium  all  rights  over  the  circles  of  Eupen  and  Malmedy,  the 
inhabitants  of  which  may  within  six  months  protest  against  this  change  of 
sovereignty  in  whole  or  in  part,  final  decision  to  be  reserved  to  the  League  of 
Nations. 

Alliance  With  Luxemburg  Canceled 

Germany  renounces  her  treaties  and  conventions  with  the  Grand  Duchy 
of  Luxemburg  and  agrees  that  that  territory  ceased  to  be  a  part  of  the  German 
ZoUverein  from  January  1,  1919.  She  surrenders  all  rights  of  exploitation 
of  Luxemburg  railways  and  adheres  to  the  abrogation  of  the  Grand  Duchy's 
neutraUty,  accepting  in  advance  any  international  agreement  reached  by  the 
allied  and  associated  powers  in  connection  with  Luxemburg. 

Rhine  Fortresses  to  be  Demolished 

Germany  agrees  to  the  demolition  of  the  armed  fortresses  (the  iron  ring 
which  constituted  the  traditional  Wacht  am  Rhine)  in  a  zone  fifty  kilometres 
wide  along  the  Left  Bank  of  the  Rhine.  She  will  maintain  no  armed  forces 
in  this  zone,  conduct  no  manoeuvers  and  retain  no  facilities  there  for  mobiliza- 
tion. (This  territory  has  been  regarded  by  the  allied  and  associated  govern- 
ments as  a  specially  vulnerable  danger  point  and  the  League  of  Nations 
Covenant — (q.v.) — provides  that  violation  of  this  paragraph  will  be  regarded 
as  an  affront  against  the  peace  of  the  world. 

Saar  Coal  Fields  Ceded  to  France 

Germany  cedes  to  France  full  ownership,  unencumbered  and  free  of  debt, 
of  the  coal  mines  of  the  Saar  Basin,  with  their  subsidiaries,  accessories  and 
facihties,  by  way  of  compensation  for  destruction  during  the  war  of  French 
coal  mines  and  in  partial  reparation.  The  definite  value  for  the  purpose  of 
crediting  on  the  reparation  account  is  to  be  later  determined  by  the  reparation 
commission.  French  rights  in  this  territory  shall  be  governed  by  German 
law  in  force  at  the  signing  of  the  armistice,  excepting  war  legislation,  but 
France  shall  replace  German  owners  by  French,  it  being  understood  that 
Germany  undertakes  to  indemnify  the  German  owners.  Under  the  terms, 
France  will  continue  to  furnish  the  present  supplies  of  coal  for  local  consump- 
tion and  will  pay  a  just  proportion  of  local  taxes. 

r 

21 


THE       PEACE       TREATIES 


As  defined,  the  Saar  Basin  extends  from  the  Lorraine  frontier  northward 
to  Stwendel,  including  on  the  west  the  valley  of  the  Saar  as  far  as  Saarholzbach 
and  on  the  east  the  town  of  Homburg. 

The  Saar  Basins  will  be  governed  by  a  commission  appointed  by  the 
League  of  Nations.  There  will  be  five  members  as  follows:  One  French, 
a  native  of  the  Saar,  three  representing  three  different  countries  other  than 
France  or  Germany.  A  chairman,  designated  by  the  League,  shall  act  as 
executive.  This  commission  will  have  full  powers  of  government.  This 
Commission  shall  administer  railways  and  other  public  utiUties  and  interpret 
the  treaty  clauses.  Local  courts  will  continue  subject  to  the  commission, 
which  may  modify  the  existing  German  legislation  after  consultation  with  a 
local  representative  assembly  which  it  will  organize.  The  commission  can 
regulate  taxes  but  local  taxes  shall  be  approved  by  the  assembly.  Labor 
laws  shall  be  in  harmony  with  local  wishes  and  the  League  of  Nations  program. 
French  and  other  labor  may  be  freely  utihzed,  the  French  having  permission 
to  belong  to  French  labor  unions,  Germany  and  the  Saar  commission  shall 
maintain  all  rights  acquired  as  to  pensions  and  social  insurance.  A  local 
gendarmerie  shall  maintain  local  order  but  there  shall  be  no  mihtary  service. 
The  people  will  preserve  their  local  assembhes,  religious  liberties,  schools, 
language,  nationality  and  may  vote  on  local  questions.  Provision  is  made  for 
changing  nationality  at  option  and  facility  as  to  disposition  of  property  is 
given  those  desiring  to  leave.  The  territory  will  be  affected  by  the  French 
Customs  Systems,  with  no  export  tax  on  coal  and  metallurgical  products 
going  to  Germany,  nor  on  German  imports  into  the  Basin  for  local  consumption. 
There  wUl  be  no  restriction  on  circulation  of  French  money. 

After  fifteen  years,  a  plebiscite  shall  determine  the  future  course:  whether 
under  the  League  of  Nations,  union  with  France  or  with  Germany.  Residents 
over  twenty  years  of  age  at  the  signing  of  the  treaty  shall  vote.  A  certain 
review  of  this  plebiscite  is  reserved  to  the  League.  Provision  is  made  for  ulti- 
mate purchase  by  Germany  of  the  mines  under  certain  conditions. 

Return  of  Alsace-Lorraine 

Germany  restores  the  provinces  of  Alsace  and  Lorraine  on  a  basis  which 
will  set  up  as  nearly  as  possible  the  situation  as  it  existed  prior  to  the  Franco- 
Prussia  War  of  1870-71  when  they  were  wrested  from  France.  She  accepts  the 
moral  obligation  for  the  seizure  of  these  territories  and  the  treatment  of  the 
people.  The  frontiers  of  the  provinces  are  defined  precisely  as  when  taken  by 
the  Germans  under  the  treaty  of  Frankfort,  the  restoration  to  take  effect 
from  the  signing  of  the  armistice.  The  provinces  are  returned  free  of  all  public 
debt — that  is,  as  French  states,  Alsace  and  Lorraine  are  not  Kable  for  any  part 
of  any  debts  for  which  they  would  be  liable  as  portions  of  Germany. 

The  citizenship  of  the  provinces  is  handled  in  three  classifications: 
French  citizenship  is  immediately  restored  to  one  class  composed  of  those 
who  were  French  before  1871 ;  a  second  class  may  make  application  for  citizen- 
ship, and  a  third  class  may  become  naturalized  within  three  years.     This 

22 


TREATY    OF    PEACE    WITH    GERMANY 


class  includes  German  residents  and  gives  them  an  opportunity  to  remain  in 
the  provinces. 

This  clause  further  provides  that  all  property  belonging  to  German 
ex-sovereigns  passes  to  France  without  compensation.  Also,  France  takes 
the  place  of  the  old  German  government  as  to  the  national  railways  and  public 
utility  concessions.  The  Rhine  bridges  and  the  responsibihty  for  their  upkeep 
also  pass  to  France. 

Manufactured  products  of  Alsace-Lorraine  shall  be  admitted  to  Germany 
free  of  duty  for  five  years,  provided  that  such  exports  to  Germany  shall  not 
in  any  one  year  exceed  a  total  amount  equal  to  the  shipments  to  Germany  on 
the  basis  of  a  three-year  pre-war  average.  Textile  materials  may  be  admitted 
from  Germany  into  the  provinces  and  re-exported  free  of  duty.  Contracts 
for  electric  power  from  the  Right  Bank  of  the  Rhine  (German  territory) 
shall  endure  for  ten  years. 

The  Central  Rhine  Commission  shall  appoint  a  French  Demonstrator 
who,  for  a  period  of  seven  years,  which  may  be  extended  to  ten,  shall  administer 
the  ports  of  Kehl  and  Strasburg  as  a  single  unit,  property  rights  in  both  ports 
being  safeguarded  and  equality  of  treatment  given  as  respects  traffic  to  the 
nationals  and  goods  of  every  country. 

Excepting  for  the  right  withheld  by  France  to  annul  in  the  pubhc  interest, 
contracts  between  Alsace-Lorraineers  and  Germans  are  valid.  For  the  most 
part,  judgments  of  courts  hold  as  between  Germans  and  Alsace-Lorraineers, 
but  in  certain  cases  a  judicial  exequatur  is  required  to  validate. 

Political  condemnations  visited  by  the  Germans  are  null  and  void  and 
war  fines  exacted  must  be  repaid. 

Certain  further  specific  details  are  left  for  adjustment  in  later  minor 
conventions  between  France  and  Germany. 

France,  on  six  months'  notice,  may  have  canceled  any  contract,  excepting 
debts  incurred  before  the  armistice,  but  if  loss  is  thereby  imposed,  remunera- 
tion shall  be  paid  on  the  basis  of  capital  employed. 

Independence  of  German  Austria 

Germany  recognizes  the  complete  independence  of  the  new  state  of 
German-Austria  and  ratifies  the  boundaries  traced. 

Independence  of  Czechoslovakia 

Gennany  recognizes  the  complete  independence  of  the  new  state  of 
Czechoslovakia,  including  the  autonomous  territory  of  the  Ruthenians  south 
of  the  Carpathians.  She  accepts  in  advance  the  boundaries  to  be  determined 
upon,  which,  in  the  case  of  the  German  frontier,  shall  follow  the  frontier  of 
Bosnia  as  it  ran  in  1914.  Details  as  to  self-determination  of  the  people  in 
respect  of  nationahty  and  change  thereof  are  agreed  to. 

Establishment  of  Poland 

The  new  state  of  Poland  is  erected  by  agreement  of  Germany  lo  cede  the 
greater  part  of  Upper  Silesia,  West  Prussia  and  Posen.  A  boundary  commis- 
sion composed  of  five  members  representing  the  allied  and  associated  powers 

23 


THE        PEACE        TREATIES 


and  one  representing  Germany  and  one  Poland  is  to  be  constituted  within 
fifteen  days  after  the  signing  of  the  peace  to  definitely  ahgn  the  boundaries. 
Provision  is  made  for  later  treaties  with  Poland  and  the  powers  relating 
to  self-determination  of  races,  rehgions,  matters  of  commerce,  etc. 
East  Prussia  and  Memel  Clauses 

Plebiscites  are  provided  for  estabhshing  the  frontiers  of  these  provinces. 
German  troops  are  to  evacuate  and  a  joint  commission  of  the  powers  is  to 
arrange  the  vote  for  self  determination  of  sovereignty. 
Danzig  a  Free  City 

Danzig  and  its  district  are  constituted  a  free  city  under  guarantees  of  the 
League  of  Nations  and  a  resident  of  the  city  and  a  high  commission  of  the 
League  shall  arrange  details  of  a  constitution.  A  joint  commission  of  three 
representing  the  allied  powers,  one  for  Germany  and  one  for  Poland  shall 
arrange  and  delimit  boundaries.  A  convention  shaU  be  reached  between 
Danzig  and  Poland  whereby  the  city  shall  be  included  within  the  Polish 
customs  frontiers.  A  free  port  is  provided  at  Danzig  and  Poland's  use  of  the 
port  is  guaranteed  together  with  free  use  of  utihties  and  communications  and 
protection  for  Polish  nationals. 
The  Danish  Frontier — Schleswig 

Germany  agrees  that  ten  days  after  the  signing  of  the  treaty  German 
troops  shall  evacuate  the  region  north  of  a  line  running  from  the  mouth  of  the 
Schlei,  south  of  Kappel,  Schleswig  and  Friedrichstadt  along  the  Eider  to  the 
North  Sea,  south  of  Tonning,  the  workmen's  and  soldiers'  councils  shall  be 
dissolved  and  the  territory  administered  by  an  international  commission  of 
five  including  a  representative  from  Norway  and  one  from  Sweden.  Under  the 
auspices  of  this  commission  secret  votes  shall  be  taken  by  the  people  to  deter- 
mine under  what  sovereignty  they  shall  five.  Three  zones  are  delimited,  each 
extending  farther  southward  than  the  previous  and  the  people  of  each  zone 
shall  vote  at  stated  times.  The  commission  will  draw  the  frontier  on  the  basis 
of  the  returns  of  these  plebiscites.  Germany  agrees  to  hand  over  to  Denmark 
all  territory  north  of  the  frontier  thus  drawn. 

Abolition  of  the  Heligoland  Forts 

Germany  agrees  to  absolute  demohtion,  under  supervision  of  the  allies, 
of  eJI  fortresses,  mihtary  estabhshments,  harbors  and  works  on  the  islands  of 
Hehgoland  and  Dune,  the  demolition  to  be  by  German  labor  and  at  German 
expense.    They  may  not  be  restored. 
Russian  Clauses 

Germany  agrees  to  the  absolute  cancellation  of  the  Brest-Litovsk  Treaty 
with  the  Maximalist  government  in  Russia  and  agrees  to  respect  as  permanent 
and  inalienable  the  independence  of  all  territories  which  were  a  part  of  the 
former  Russian  empire.  She  agrees  further  to  recognize  the  treaties  made  by 
the  allied  and  associated  powers  with  the  new  states  which  contain  parts  of 
the  old  Russian  Empire,  that  is  she  agrees  to  recognize  the  new  states.  On 
behalf  of  Russia,  the  allies  reserve  to  her  the  right  to  obtain  restitution  and 
reparation  on  the  principles  of  the  present  treaty. 

24 


TREATY    OF    PEACE    WITH    GERMANY 

PART  IV 

EXTRA  EUROPEAN  CLAUSES 

German  Non-European  Rights — Relinquishment  of  Colonies 

Germany  agrees  to  renunciation  of  all  her  former  rights  outside  Europe 
including  rights,  title  and  privileges  to  her  own  and  her  aUies'  territories  and 
she  agrees  to  accept  whatever  disposition  is  made  of  these  holdings  by  the 
alhed  and  associated  governments. 

Colonies  and  Overseas  Possessions 

Germany  agrees  to  renounce  in  favor  of  the  allied  and  associated  govern- 
ments her  overseas  possessions  and  movable  and  immovable  property  in  them 
passes  to  the  government  which  shall  hereafter  be  selected  to  exercise  juris- 
diction. Repatriation  of  nationals  and  disposition  of  business  shall  he  wholly 
with  the  new  government  which  shall  lay  down  the  conditions  under  which  Ger- 
mans may  reside  and  hold  property  in  these  colonies. 

The  Cameroons 

Germany  undertakes  to  pay  damages  suffered  by  the  French  in  the 
Cameroons  or  the  frontier  zone  through  acts  of  Germem  civil  and  military 
authorities  and  of  individual  Germans  from  January  1, 1900  to  August  1, 1914. 
Germany  renounces  aU  rights  imder  the  treaty  of  November  4,  1911  and 
that  of  September  29,  1912  relating  to  Equatorial  Africa  and  undertakes  to 
pay  France  all  deposits,  credits,  advances,  etc.,  in  accordance  with  an  estimate 
to  be  made  by  the  reparation  commission.  The  right  of  the  allied  and  asso- 
ciated governments  to  regulate  African  traffic  in  arms  and  spirits  is  agreed  to. 

Chinese  Clauses 

All  privileges  and  indemnities  accruing  to  Germany  as  a  result  of  the 
Boxer  protocol  of  1901  and  all  buildings,  arsenals,  wireless  plants  and  other 
public  property,  excepting  diplomatic  or  consular  establishments  in  German 
concessions  in  Tientsin  and  Hankow  and  in  other  Chinese  territory  excepting 
Kiaochow  are  renounced  by  Germany  in  favor  of  China.  Germany  agrees 
to  return  to  China  at  German  expense  all  the  antique  astronomical  instruments 
seized  at  the  time  of  the  Boxer  uprising.  Without  the  consent  of  the  signa- 
tories to  the  Boxer  protocol,  however,  China  will  take  no  measures  for  the 
disposition  of  German  property  in  the  Legation  Quarter  at  Peking.  The 
tariff  arrangements  of  August  29,  1902  and  the  Whang-Poo  arrangement  of 
September  27,  1905,  with  the  supplementary  arrangement  of  April  4,  1912 
remain  in  force  except  as  to  Germany. 

Germany  accepts  abrogation  of  her  concessions  at  Hankow  and  Tientsin 
and  China  agrees  to  open  them  to  international  use,  private  property  rights 
being  respected.  All  claims  against  China  for  military  measures  taken  by  the 
latter  during  the  war,  such  as  internment  of  nationals  and  sequestration  or 
liquidation  of  German  property  since  August  14,  1917  are  renounced  by  Ger- 
many.   Germany  renounces  in  favor  of  Great  Britain  her  State  property  in 

25 


THE        PEACE        TREATIES 


the  British  concession  at  Canton  and  in  favor  of  France  and  China  jointly 
the  German  school  in  the  French  concession  at  Shanghai. 

Siam 

Germany  agrees  to  recognize  cessation  of  all  agreements  between  herself 
and  Siam,  including  the  right  of  extra  territory,  as  of  July  22,  1917,  and  re- 
hnquishes  to  Siam  without  compensation  all  German  pubUc  property  in  that 
State  excepting  consular  and  diplomatic  premises.  German  private  property 
will  be  dealt  with  in  accordance  with  the  economic  clauses  of  the  Treaty. 
Measures  taken  by  Siam  during  the  war  such  as  seizure  of  ships,  internment  of 
nationals,  etc.,  are  not  subject  to  claim  by  Germany. 

German  Influence  in  Liberia  Destroyed 

Germany  agrees  to  renunciation  of  all  rights  regarding  Liberia,  as  defined 
under  the  agreement  of  1911-12.  She  renounces  her  right  t-o  nominate  a 
receiver  of  customs  and  her  rights  in  settlement  of  the  country.  She  recog- 
nizes Liberia's  right  to  determine  the  status  of  Germans  in  Liberia  and  recog- 
nizes abrogation  of  former  commercial  treaties  and  arrangements,  as  of 
August  4, 1917. 

Morocco 

Germany  renounces  all  rights  and  privileges  under  the  act  of  Algeciras 
and  the  Franco-German  agreements  of  1909  and  1911  as  to  Morocco  and  also 
renounces  treaties  and  arrangements  with  the  Sherifian  Government  and  she 
agrees  not  to  intervene  in  negotiations  between  Morocco  and  France  or  other 
powers.  She  acknowledges  supremacy  of  the  French  Protectorate  in  Morocco. 
Complete  hberty  of  action  as  to  Germans  in  Morocco  is  given  the  Sherifian 
Government  and  German  citizens  shall  be  subject  to  the  common  law.  Ger- 
man movable  and  immovable  property  including  Crown  holdings — may  be  sold 
at  auction,  including  mining  rights,  the  proceeds  going  to  the  Sherifian  Govern- 
ment and  the  amount  deducted  on  the  reparation  account.  Moroccan  goods 
shall  enter  Germany  on  the  same  basis  with  French  goods  and  Germany 
reUnquishes  her  interests  in  the  State  Bank  of  Morocco. 

British  Protectorate  in  Egypt  Recognized 

Germany  recognizes  the  British  Protectorate  in  Egypt,  declared  Decem- 
ber 18,  1914  and  renounces  as  from  August  4,  1914,  treaties,  agreements,  etc. 
between  herself  and  Egypt.  Germany  will  not  intervene  in  negotiations 
between  Egypt  and  Great  Britain  or  the  other  powers.  The  powers  given 
to  the  late  Sultan  of  Turkey  for  securing  the  free  navigation  of  the  Suez 
Canal  are  transferred  to  Great  Britain.  Anglo-Egyptian  goods  shall  enter 
Germany  on  the  same  basis  with  British  goods  and  provision  is  made  in  detail 
for  the  handhng  of  matters  of  German  nationals,  a  clause  permitting  German 
consent  to  changes  in  relation  to  the  commission  of  pubUc  debt.  German 
property  is  confiscated.  British  Consular  Tribunals  shall  act  temporarily  as 
courts. 

Treaties  with  Turkey  and  Bulgaria  to  be  Recognized 

Germany  agrees  to  accept  any  arrangements  made  between  the  allied 

26 


TREATY    OF    PEACE    WITH    GERMANY 


and  associated  powers  and  Turkey  and  Bulgaria  with  reference  to  interests 
in  those  countries  claimed  by  Germany  and  her  nationals. 

Abdication  in  Far  East — Shantung 

Germany  agrees  to  transfer  to  Japan  all  her  rights,  titles,  privileges,  etc., 
in  Kiaochow,  including  railroads,  mines  and  cables,  and  she  agrees  to  similar 
abdication  of  her  rights  throughout  Shantung.  All  German  rights  to  the 
Tsingtao-Tsinaufu  Railroad,  including  all  facilities  and  mining  and  exploita- 
tion rights  also  are  transferred  to  Japan;  also  the  cables  from  Tsingtao  to 
Shanghai  and  Chefoo.  AH  German  State  property,  movable  or  immovable,  in 
Kiaocshow,  is  transferred  to  Japan  free  of  all  charges. 


PARTY 

RESTRICTION  OF  MILITARY  FORCES 

As  the  initial  step  to  the  general  Umitation  of  armaments  of  aU  nations, 
the  demobiUzation  of  the  German  army  must  take  place  within  two  months 
of  peace.  Its  strength  after  March  31, 1920  may  not  exceed  100,000,  including 
4,000  officers,  and  comprising  not  more  than  seven  divisions  of  infantry  and 
three  of  cavalry,  and  to  be  used  exclusively  for  the  maintenance  of  internal 
order  and  control  of  the  frontiers.  MiUtary  divisions  may  not  be  grouped 
under  more  than  two  army  corps  headquarters  stalGFs,  thus  abolishing  the 
German  general  staff.  The  administrative  service  of  the  army,  comprising 
the  civilian  personnel,  not  included  in  the  number  of  effectives,  is  reduced  to 
one-tenth  of  the  total  in  the  1913  budget.  Customs  officers,  first  guards, 
coast  guards  and  similar  employes,  may  not  exceed  the  number  in  1913. 
Gendarmes  and  local  police  may  be  increased  only  in  accordance  with  the 
growth  of  the  population,  and  none  of  them  assembled  for  military  training. 
All  munitions  plants  and  arsenals,  unless  specifically  exempted,  must  be  closed 
within  three  months  of  peace.  The  exact  amount  of  armament  and  munitions 
is  specified  and  excesses  must  be  surrendered  or  destroyed.  Manufacture  or 
importation  of  asphyxiating  and  analogous  gases  and  Uquids  is  forbidden, 
as  well  as  the  importation  and  exportation  of  war  materials.  Conscription  is 
abolished,  and  voluntary  enlistments  for  terms  of  twelve  consecutive  years 
substituted.  Discharges  before  the  expiration  of  that  period  may  not  exceed 
5  per  cent  of  the  effectives.  Officers  who  remain  in  the  service  must  agree  to 
remain  until  45  years  of  age,  and  new  officers  must  serve  actively  for  25  years. 
Only  military  schools  that  are  indispensable  to  the  units  allowed  shall  exist 
two  months  after  peace.  Universities  and  educational  establishments,  shoot- 
ing and  touring  clubs  and  societies  of  discharged  soldiers  may  not  occupy 
themselves  with  mihtary  matters.  All  mobilization  measures  are  forbidden. 
Germany  may  not  send  military  missions  to  other  coimtries.  Fortresses  and 
fortified  and  field  works  of  all  kinds  within  a  zone  of  50  kilometres  of  the 
Rhine  must  be  dismantled  within  three  months  of  peace,  and  the  construction 
of  others  is  forbidden.     The  fortified  works  on  the  southern  and  eastern 

27 


THE        PEACE        TREATIES 


frontiers  may  remain.  Interallied  commissions  will  establish  headquarters 
at  the  German  seat  of  government  to  supervise  the  execution  of  the  terms  of 
disarmament.  Germany  must  give  them  complete  facilities,  pay  their  expenses, 
and  the  expenses  of  the  execution  of  the  treaty  terms,  including  labor  and 
necessary  material. 

Restriction  of  Naval  Forces 

Naval  forces  must  be  demobilized  within  two  months  after  peace.  After 
that  time  Germemy  will  be  allowed  6  small  battleships,  6  hght  cruisers,  12 
destroyers,  12  torpedo  boats,  and  a  personnel  of  15,000  men,  including  officers. 
She  may  have  neither  military  nor  commercial  submarines,  nor  reserve  forces 
of  men.  Voluntary  service  only  is  permitted,  with  a  minimum  period  of 
25  years  service  for  officers  and  12  for  men.  No  member  of  the  German 
mercantile  marine  may  have  naval  training.  All  German  war  vessels  in 
foreign  ports  and  waters  will  be  surrendered  and  the  final  disposition  of  them 
decided  by  the  allied  and  associated  powers.  All  war  vessels  and  submarines 
under  construction  must  be  broken  up  within  three  months,  and  Germany 
must  surrender  modern  destroyers,  modem  torpedo  boats  and  all  submarines 
and  salvage  boats.  Replacement  of  ships  except  those  lost  may  take  place 
only  at  the  end  of  20  years  for  battleships  and  15  years  for  destroyers.  Mines 
in  the  North  and  Baltic  seas  must  be  swept  up  as  decided  upon  by  the  Allies. 
All  fortifications  defending  passages  through  the  belts  on  the  Baltic  must  be 
demolished.  The  number  and  cadiber  of  the  guns  of  other  coast  defenses  may 
not  be  increased.  For  three  months  after  peace  the  wireless  stations  at  Nauen, 
Hanover  and  Berlin  may  send  only  commercial  messages  and  under  the  super- 
vision of  the  allied  and  associated  governments.  No  additional  stations  may  be 
constructed.  Germany  may  repair  submarine  cables  that  have  been  cut  and 
are  not  being  used  by  the  allied  and  associated  powers.  Fourteen  parts  of 
cables  removed  will  be  restored  to  Germany. 

Restriction  of  Air  Forces 

The  entire  air  personnel  is  to  be  demobilized  within  two  months  after 
peace  except  for  1,000  officers  and  men  to  be  retained  until  October.  Germany 
may  retain  100  unarmed  seaplanes  until  October  1  to  search  for  submarine 
mines.  All  dirigibles  are  prohibited,  as  well  as  aviation  grounds  and  dirigible 
sheds  within  150  kilometers  of  the  Rhine  or  the  eastern  or  southern  frontiers. 
The  manufacture  of  aircraft  and  parts  is  forbidden  for  six  months.  All 
aeronautical  material  must  be  surrendered  within  three  months,  except 
seaplanes  already  specified. 


28 


TREATY    OF    PEACE    WITH    GERMANY 

PART  VI 

PRISONERS  OF  WAR  AND  SOLDIERS'  GRAVES 

A  commission  of  allied  and  German  representatives  will  carry  out  without 
delay  at  Germany's  expense  the  repatriation  of  German  prisoners  and  interned 
civilians.  The  Allies  will  determine  the  cases  of  German  nationals  who  do  not 
desire  to  be  repatriated.  Germany  will  accord  facilities  to  commissions  of 
inquiry  in  collecting  information  concerning  missing  prisoners  of  war,  and 
imposing  penalties  on  German  officials  who  have  concealed  allied  nationals. 
There  will  be  a  reciprocal  exchange  of  information  as  to  dead  prisoners  and 
their  graves,  and  both  parties  will  respect  and  maintain  the  graves  of  soldiers 
and  sailors  buried  within  their  respective  territories.  Germany  will  assist 
any  commission  of  an  alUed  or  associated  government  in  identifying,  register- 
ing, maintaining  and  erecting  suitable  monuments  over  the  graves,  and  each 
will  afford  aU  faciUties  for  repatriating  the  remains  of  their  soldiers. 

PART  VII 

SURRENDER  AND  TRIAL  OF  THE  EX-KAISER 

Surrender  of  the  Ex-Kaiser  is  to  be  requested  of  Holland,  a  special 
tribunal  composed  of  one  judge  from  each  of  the  principal  great  powers  set  up, 
and  the  Ex-Kaiser  arraigned  with  full  guarantees  of  the  right  of  defense 
"for  a  supreme  offense  against  international  morality  and  the  sanctity  of 
treaties."  The  tribunal  will  be  guided  by  the  "highest  motives  of  interna- 
tional poUcy  "  and  will  fix  the  punishment  it  feels  should  be  meted  out.  Other 
individuals  accused  of  acts  in  violation  of  the  laws  and  customs  of  war  are 
to  be  tried  and  pimished  by  military  tribunals  under  military  law.  If  the 
changes  relate  to  nationals  of  only  one  state,  the  accused  will  be  tried  before  a 
tribimal  of  that  state;  if  they  affect  nationals  of  several  states  they  will  be 
tried  before  joint  tribunals.  Germany  will  hand  over  all  persons  so  accused 
and  all  documents  euid  information  required  to  insure  full  knowledge  of 
incriminating  acts,  discovery  of  offenders  and  the  determination  of  responsi- 
bility. 


THE        PEACE        TREATIES 
PART  VIII 

REPARATION  AND  RESTITUTION 

Responsibility  for  the  War 

On  this  point  the  text  of  the  treaty  reads:  "The  allied  and  associated 
governments  affirm,  and  Germany  accepts,  the  responsibility  of  herself  and 
her  allies  for  causing  aU  of  the  loss  and  damage  to  which  the  allied  and  asso- 
ciated governments  and  their  nationals  have  been  subjected  as  a  consequence 
of  the  war  imposed  upon  them  by  the  aggression  of  Germany  and  her  allies." 

This  clause  recites  that  it  is  realized  that  Germany  is  incapable  of  making 
complete  financial  reparation  of  the  damage  caused,  but  it  Usts  under  seven 
headings  the  categories  for  which  reparation  wiU  be  enforced: 

(a)  Damage  by  personal  injury  to  civiHans  caused  by  acts  of  war,  on  land 
and  sea,  directly  or  indirectly,  including  air  raids. 

(6)  Damage  caused  to  civilians,  including  exposure  at  sea,  resulting  from 
acts  of  cruelty,  and  to  civilians  in  occupied  territory. 

(c)  Damage  caused  by  maltreatment  of  prisoners. 

{d)  Damages  to  the  allied  peoples  represented  by  pensions  and  reparation 
allowances,  capitaUzed  at  the  signature  of  the  treaty. 

(e)  Damages  to  property  other  than  naval  or  military  materials. 

(/)  Damage  by  enforced  labor  of  civilians  (the  Belgian  deportations). 

(g)  Damages  in  the  form  of  fines  and  levies  imposed  on  the  people  of 
occupied  towns  and  territories. 
Payment  of  Belgium's  Debts 

Germany  agrees  to  repay  with  6%  interest  all  sums  borrowed  by  Belgium 
from  her  aUies  up  to  November  11,  1918  as  a  result  of  Germany's  violation 
of  the  treaty  of  1839.    To  effect  this  Germany  will  at  once  hand  over  to  the 
reparation  commission  five  per  cent,  gold  bonds  maturing  in  1926. 
Assessment  of  Damage 

The  total  obligation  of  Germany  to  pay  under  the  seven  headings  above 
enumerated  shall  be  determined  not  later  than  May  1,  1921,  by  an  inter-alhed 
reparation  commission  which  shall  hold  hearings.  Payments  in  Hquidation  of 
these  damages  shall  be  dra^vn  into  a  schedule  extending  over  thirty  years, 
payments  being  subject  to  postponement  in  certain  contingencies.  The  work 
of  this  commission  is  to  be  aided  by  Germany  by  such  information  and  legisla- 
tion as  shall  be  necessary  and  the  commission's  authority  is  expressly  recog- 
nized by  Germany.  Germany  shall  enact  the  necessary  legislation  to  make  the 
commission's  finding  effective.  She  agrees  immediately  to  restore  certain 
identifiable  cash  and  articles. 
Indemnity  Instalment  in  Two  Years 

Germany  agrees,  as  an  immediate  step  toward  restoration,  to  pay  to 
the  aUies  within  two  years  the  sum  of  one  thousand  million  pounds  sterling 
($4,860,000,000  at  normal  exchange),  this  payment  to  be  in  gold,  goods,  ships 
or  other  specific  forms.  It  is  understood  that  this  payment  is  not  additional 
to  the  first  one  thousand  milHon  pound  sterling  bond  issue,  hereafter  referred 
to,  and  it  is  understood  that  certain  expenses,  such  as  those  of  the  army  of 
occupation  and  for  food,  etc.,  may  be  deducted  at  the  discretion  of  the  aUies. 

30 


TREATY    OF    PEACE    WITH    GERMANY 


Priority  Status  of  Indemnity 

Germany  agrees  to  permit  the  allied  and  associated  governments  periodically 
to  examine  her  systems  of  taxation  to  determine  that  the  tax  burden  is  suffi- 
ciently heavy  and  it  is  expressly  understood  that  the  claims  due  the  allies 
are  a  first  hen  upon  the  German  resources,  no  domestic  indebtedness  taking 
precedence  for  Kquidation.  The  treaty  further  says:  "The  measures  which 
the  allied  and  associated  governments  shall  have  the  right  to  take,  in  case  of  vol- 
untary default  by  Germany,  and  which  Germany  agrees  not  to  regard  as  acts 
of  war,  may  include  economic  and  financial  prohibitions  and  repriseJs,  and  in 
general  such  other  measures  as  the  respective  governments  may  determine 
to  be  necessary  in  the  circumstances." 

The  Reparation  Commission 

The  reparation  commission  shall  be  constituted  as  follows:  One  repre- 
sentative each  of  the  United  States,  Great  Britain,  France,  Italy  and  Belgium, 
a  representative  of  the  Serb-Croat-Slovene  State  or  Japan  taking  the  place  of 
the  Belgian  Commissioner  when  the  interests  of  either  country  are  particularly 
at  stake.  When  the  claims  of  any  other  powers  are  being  considered,  that 
power  shall  have  representation  but  without  vote.  Germany  shall  be  permitted 
to  give  evidence  as  to  her  abiUty  to  pay.  The  reparation  commission  shedlmake 
its  headquarters  at  Paris,  shall  determine  its  personnel  and  procedure,  shall 
have  general  control  of  all  reparation  matters,  and  shall  be  the  exclusive 
agency  of  the  allied  and  associated  powers  for  receiving,  holding,  selling  and 
distributing  reparation  payments. 

Procedure  of  Commission 

The  commission  must  be  unanimous  in  its  decisions  on  questions  involving 
the  sovereignty  of  any  of  the  allies,  cancellation  of  German  obUgations,  time 
and  manner  of  selling,  distributing  and  negotiating  bonds  issued  by  Germany, 
questions  of  postponement  between  1921  and  1926  of  annual  payments  beyond 
1930  and  any  postponement  after  1926  for  more  than  three  years;  questions  of 
assessment  of  damage  and  interpretations  of  provisions.  On  all  other  questions, 
majority  vote  will  prevail.  A  nation  may  withdraw  from  representation 
on  the  commission  but  must  give  twelve  months'  notice.  This  commission 
may  require  special  issues  of  bonds  from  Germany  to  secure  unpaid  claims. 

Indemnity  Bond  Issues 

Bond  issues  are  required  of  Germany  on  account  of  the  claims  and  in 
acknowledgment  of  the  whole,  as  follows:  One  thousand  miUion  pounds 
sterling  ($4,860,000,000)  maturing  not  later  than  May  1,  1921,  without 
interest;  two  thousand  million  pounds  sterling  ($9,720,000,000)  bearing 
2H  per  cent,  interest  between  1921  and  1926  and  thereafter  5  per  cent,  with  a 
1  per  cent,  sinking  fund,  payment  thereto  beginning  in  1926  and  an  imdertak- 
ing  to  deliver  bonds  to  an  additional  amount  to  two  thousand  millions  pound 
sterling,  at  5  per  cent,  under  terms  to  be  fixed  by  the  con-imission.  The 
interest  is  to  be  5  per  cent,  unless  otherwise  deterjnined  by  the  commission 
in  the  future  and  payments,  other  than  gold  may  be  accepted  by  the  commis- 
si 


THE       PEACE       TREATIES 


sion  in  the  form  of  properties,  commodities,  businesses,  concessions,  rights,  etc. 
Certificates  of  beneficial  interest  representing  such  payments  by  Germany 
may  be  issued  by  the  commission  to  payees. 

Restitution  for  Destroyed  Shipping 

Germany  recognizes  the  right  of  the  allies  to  the  replacement  ton  for  ton 
of  merchant  ships  and  fishing  boats  lost  or  damaged  owing  to  the  war.  She 
agrees  to  cede  to  the  allies  all  merchant  ships  of  1,600  tons  gross  and  upward, 
one-half  of  her  ships  between  1,600  and  1,000  tons  gross  and  one-quarter  of 
her  steam  trawlers  and  fishing  boats.  The  commission  will  receive  these 
vessels  within  two  months,  free  of  encumbrance.  Germany  further  agrees 
during  the  next  five  years  to  build  for  the  accoimt  of  the  allies  merchant 
ships  to  the  extent  of  not  more  than  200,000  tons  annually.  All  inland  naviga- 
tion ships  taken  by  Germany  in  the  war  are  to  be  returned  within  two  months, 
any  discrepancy  in  this  restoration  to  be  made  up  by  transfer  of  German  Rhine 
ships  up  to  20  per  cent,  of  that  fleet. 

Restoring  Devastated  Areas 

Germany  agrees  to  undertake  the  restoration  of  the  devastated  war  areas 
and  the  reparation  commission  is  authorized  to  require  Germany  to  replace 
destroyed  articles,  animals,  machinery,  etc.,  and  to  manufacture  materials 
required  for  reconstruction,  due  regard  being  had  meanwhile  to  Germany's 
essential  domestic  requirements.  Within  three  months,  Germany  agrees  to 
deUver  to  France  238,000  animals  and  to  Belgium  137,400  animals,  including 
horses,  cattle  and  sheep. 

Payments  in  Coal 

Germany  agrees  to  deliver  to  France  7,000,000  tons  of  coal  a  year  and 
annually  for  ten  years,  an  amount  of  coal  equivalent  to  the  difference  between 
annual  pre-war  output  of  Nord  and  Pas  de  Calais  mines  and  annual  production 
during  the  next  ten  years.  She  agrees  to  deliver  ten  million  tons  in  addition 
to  Belgium  and  from  four  and  one-half  million  to  eight  and  one-half  million 
tons  to  Italy,  the  amounts  being  graduated  upward  from  1919  to  1924,  prices 
to  be  prescribed.  Luxemburg's  needs  also  are  to  be  supplied.  Coke  may  be 
delivered  in  place  of  coal  in  the  ratio  of  three  tons  to  four.  Germany  further 
agrees  to  make  dehveries  to  France  for  three  years  of  benzol,  coal  tar  and  sul- 
phate of  ammonia.  Should  these  dehveries  interfere  with  industrial  conditions 
in  Germany  the  commission  may  alter  the  requirements. 

Dyes  and  Chemicals 

Germany  agrees  to  give  the  reparation  commission  an  option  on  dyestuffs 
and  chemicals,  including  quinine,  up  to  fifty  per  cent,  of  the  total  stock  in 
Germany  on  the  effective  date  of  the  treaty  and  a  similar  option  each  six 
months  to  the  end  of  1924  up  to  twenty-five  per  cent,  of  the  previous  six 
months'  output.  As  to  detailed  priorities  and  terms  of  these  deliveries,  the 
Reparation  Commission  shall  have  authority  and  notice  shall  be  given  Germany 
in  advance  of  dates  required  for  delivery. 

32 


TREATY    OF    PEACE    WITH    GERMANY 


Transfer  of  German  Cables 

Germany  agrees  to  transfer  of  specified  cables  desired  by  the  allies,  their 
value  being  credited  against  the  reparation  account. 

Special  Provisions 

Germany  agrees  to  hand  over  records,  antiques,  works  of  art,  etc.,  taken 
from  Louvain  and  other  places  to  Belgium;  the  skull  of  the  Sultan  of  Okwawa, 
a  valuable  pohtical  talisman,  to  the  King  of  England;  the  Koran  of  the 
CaUph  Othman  to  the  King  of  the  Hedjaz,  and  certain  flags  and  papers,  seized 
in  the  Franco-Prussian  war,  to  France. 


PART  IX 

FINANCIAL  PROVISIONS 

Assumption  of  German  Pre-War  Debt 

The  Powers  to  which  German  territory  is  ceded  agree  to  assume  a  portion 
of  the  German  pre-war  debt  which  shall  be  determined  by  the  reparation  com- 
mission on  the  basis  of  the  ratio  between  the  revenue  of  the  ceded  territory 
and  Germany's  total  revenues  for  the  three  years  preceding  the  war,  excepting 
France  shall  not  assume  any  of  Germany's  pre-war  debt  which  might  be  allo- 
cated to  Alsace-Lorraine,  nor  will  Poland  assume  any  German  pre-war  debt 
created  for  the  oppression  of  Poland.  Any  excess  in  value  of  German  pubhc 
property  in  these  territories,  over  the  amount  of  debt  assumed  shall  be  credited 
on  the  reparation  account,  except  as  to  Alsace-Lorraine.  Mandatories  will  not 
assume  any  such  debts  or  give  credit  for  German  Government  property. 
Germany  renounces  right  of  representation  in  State  banks,  commissions 
or  other  similar  international  economic  or  financial  bodies. 

Cost  of  Armies  of  Occupation 

Germany  agrees  to  pay  the  cost  of  the  armies  of  occupation  from  the 
signing  of  the  armistice  so  long  as  they  are  maintained,  this  to  be  a  first  charge 
on  German  resources,  reparation  being  the  next  charge  after  payment  for 
reUef  provisions. 

Germany  agrees  to  yield  up  to  the  aUied  and  associated  governments 
all  money  deposited  in  Germany,  Turkey  and  Austria-Hungary  in  connection 
with  war  loans  granted  those  countries  by  her  and  to  transfer  to  the  AUies 
all  claims  against  Austria-Hungary,  Bulgaria  or  Turkey  in  connection  with 
agreements  made  during  the  war.  Germany's  renunciation  of  the  treaties  of 
Brest-Litovsk  and  Bucharest  specifically  includes  the  financial  clauses. 

Expropriation  of  German  Funded  Interests 

Germany  agrees,  on  request  of  the  reparation  commission,  to  expropriate 
rights  or  interests  of  Germans  in  pubhc  utihties  in  ceded  territories  or  those 
under  mandates  and  in  Turkey,  China,  Russia,  Austria-Hungary  and  Bulgaria 
and  transfer  them  to  the  commission,  which  will  give  credit  for  the  value. 

33 


THE        PEACE        TREATIES 


Brazilian  Coffee  Indemnity 

Germany  agrees  to  repay  to  BrazU  the  proceeds  of  the  sale  of  Sao  Paulo 
coffee  which  she  refused  to  permit  Brazil  to  withdraw  from  Germany  on  the 
outbreak  of  the  war. 

Gold  Embargo 

Up  to  May  1,  1921  the  German  government  may  neither  export  nor 
permit  the  export  or  disposal  of  gold  without  the  previous  consent  of  the 
Reparation  Commission. 

Acceptable  Tender 

The  financial  clauses  specially  provide  tkat  when  any  monetary  obligation 
is  imposed  by  the  Treaty  in  terms  of  gold  marks,  the  creditors  shall  have  the 
option  of  receiving  in  payment  pounds  sterling  at  London,  gold  dollars  at  New 
York,  gold  francs  at  Paris  or  gold  lire  at  Rome;  gold  coin  being  defined  as 
being  of  the  weight  and  fineness  of  law  of  January  1,  1914. 


PART  X 

ECONOMIC  CLAUSES 

Customs  Duties  Restricted 

As  to  customs  duties,  the  Allies  shall  have  most  favored  nation  treatment. 
Germany  agrees  to  impose  no  customs  duties  higher  than  the  lowest  in  force  in 
1914  and  for  certain  wines,  agricultural  products,  vegetable  oils,  artificial  silk 
and  washed  or  scoured  wool  this  restriction  shall  be  maintained  for  two  and  a 
half  years  and  may  be  extended  by  the  commission.  No  customs  tariff  what- 
ever shall  be  imposed  on  goods  originating  in  Alsace-Lorraine  for  a  period  of 
five  years  and  of  three  years  as  to  goods  originating  in  former  German  territory 
ceded  to  Poland.  Those  governments  fixing  the  amounts  of  goods  to  enjoy 
these  privileges.    A  reservation  is  made  as  to  Luxemburg. 

Freedom  of  German  Ports 

Germany  agrees  to  accord  ships  of  the  allied  and  associated  powers  for  a 
period  of  five  years  the  same  rights  in  German  ports  as  German  vessels  and  to 
accord  most  favored  nation  treatment  in  fishing,  coastwise  trade  and  towage, 
including  territorral  waters.  After  the  five-year  period  the  arrangements  shall 
be  continued  under  reciprocity,  subject  to  chdnges  by  the  League  of  Nations. 
She  agrees  to  permit  ships  of  nations  having  no  seacoast  to  register  from 
German  ports. 

Unfair  Competition 

Germany  agrees  to  give  trade  of  the  allied  and  associated  powers  adequate 
safeguards  against  unfair  competition  and  she  agrees  to  respect  laws  and 
judicial  decisions  respecting  regional  appellations  of  wines  and  spirits.  She 
shall  have  special  care  to  suppress  false  wrappings,  markings  and  such  trade 

34 


TREATY    OF    PEACE    WITH    GERMANY 


trickery.     Should  the  German  government  engage  in  international  trade, 
it  shall  have  no  special  immunities. 

Treatment  of  Foreigners 

Germany  agrees  for  five  years  to  lay  no  special  taxes  or  restrictions  upon 
nationals  of  the  allies  and,  unless  the  League  of  Nations  acts,  for  an  additional 
five  years  German  nationality  shall  not  continue  to  attach  to  a  person  who  has 
become  a  national  of  an  allied  or  associated  state. 

Multilateral  Conventions — Railroads,  Telegraph 

Germany  is  permitted  to  renew  some  forty  multilateral  treaties  with  the 
allied  and  associated  powers  but  special  conditions  are  required  as  to  some  of  the 
conventions,  notably  the  postal  and  telegraph  agreements.  She  must  make 
reciprocal  agreements  with  other  powers  and  agrees  in  advance  to  the  new  con- 
vention to  be  drawn  respecting  international  wireless  traffic.  The  allied  and 
associated  powers  reserve  to  themselves  for  five  years  sole  rights  of  inspection 
and  police  as  to  the  North  Sea  fisheries  and  the  North  Sea  liquor  traffic. 
Germany  agrees  in  advance  to  adhere  to  the  new  international  railway  con- 
vention. 

Relief  of  Nations  from  Obligations  to  Germany 

The  following  nations  are  relieved  of  their  obligations  toward  Germany 
as  to  the  following  matters:  China  as  to  the  Chinese  customs  tariff,  the  1905 
Whangpoo  arrangements  and  the  Boxer  indemnity  of  1901;  France,  Portugal 
and  Roumania  as  to  The  Hague  Convention  of  1903  relating  to  civil  procedure; 
and  Great  Britain  and  the  United  States  as  to  Article  3  of  the  Samoan  Treaty 
of  1899,  which  gave  Germany  certain  rights  and  concessions  in  Samoa. 

Bilateral  Treaties 

Germany  shall  renew  on  six  months'  notice  at  the  request  of  any  allied  or 
associated  state  any  treaty  consistent  with  the  principles  of  the  Peace  Treaty. 
Treaties  entered  into  by  Germany  since  August  1,  1914  with  other  enemy 
powers  and  with  Roumania,  Russia  or  governments  representing  parts  of 
Russia  are  abrogated  and  concessions  exacted  from  Russia  under  pressure  are 
annulled.  The  alHed  and  associated  states  are  to  enjoy  most  favored  nation 
treatment  under  treaties  entered  into  by  Germany  and  other  enemy  states 
before  August  1, 1914  and  treaties  between  Germany  and  neutral  states  during 
the  war.* 


*The  effect  of  the  main  provisions  of  this  section  so  far  as  concerns  the 
United  States  is:  (1)  to  restore  our  government  to  its  pre-war  status  in  its 
relations  to  Germany  under  international  conventions;  and  (2)  to  rid  the 
United  States  of  a  number  of  old  treaties  which  were  concluded  with  German 
states  which  combined  to  form  the  German  Empire,  and  which  have  given  rise 
to  vexatious  questions  as  to  their  application  in  view  of  the  formation  of  the 
German  Empire  subsequent  to  their  conclusion,  the  United  States  being 
enabled,  however,  to  revive  in  a  satisfactory  manner,  if  it  may  so  desire,  any 
bilateral  treaty  concluded  with  the  German  Empire  or  with  any  German  state. 

Stipulations  were  framed  by  the  Economic  Commission  securing  national 
treatment  for  vessels  of  the  allied  and  associated  powers.  These  stipulations 
have  been  inserted  in  the  Treaty  in  Part  XII  (Article  327). 

35 


THE        PEACE        TREATIES 


Payment  of  Pre-War  Debts 

A  plan  for  the  paying  of  pre-war  debts,  including  those  arising  from 
contracts  suspended  by  the  war,  for  adjustment  of  the  proceeds  of  the  liquida- 
tion of  enemy  property  and  the  settlement  of  other  obligations  is  adopted 
which  provides  for  the  establishment  within  three  months  of  a  system  of  debt 
clearing  houses,  one  to  be  established  in  Germany  and  one  in  each  allied  and 
associated  state  assenting  to  the  plan.  Excepting  in  cases  of  pre-war  insolvency 
of  the  debtor,  each  participating  state  assumes  responsibility  for  the  payment 
of  all  debts  owing  by  its  nationals  to  nationals  of  the  enemy  state.  Direct 
payment  from  debtor  to  creditor  and  correspondence  relating  thereto  are 
prohibited  during  this  adjustment.  The  proceeds  of  the  sale  of  private  enemy 
property  in  each  participating  state  may  be  used  to  pay  the  debts  owed  to 
the  nationals  of  that  state.  Controversies  over  these  debts  may  be  settled 
by  arbitration  of  the  courts  of  the  debtor  country  or  by  a  mixed  court  of 
arbitration.  On  six  months'  notice  to  Germany  any  aUied  or  associated  state 
may  decline  to  enter  into  this  arrangement.  Debts  shall  be  paid  in  the  cur- 
rency of  the  creditor  and  at  pre-war  exchange.* 

The  stipulations  indicated  in  the  foregoing  are  of  such  a  nature  that  they 
can  take  the  place  of  commercial  treaties  and  naturalization  treaties  if  the 
alhed  and  associated  countries  are  for  a  time  left  without  treaties  which  are 
abrogated  by  the  war  but  which  may  be  renewed.  The  provisions  of  these 
articles  are  all  unilateral  in  their  obligations.  It  can  probably  be  said  that  for 
the  most  part  the  requirements  of  these  provisions  are  in  harmony  with  the 
present  policy  and  practice  of  the  United  States  with  regard  to  the  matters 
embraced  by  them.    (Memorandum  of  American  Mission  at  Peace  Conference). 

*A  system  of  clearing  houses  is  created  for  the  settlement  of  debts  and 
other  obligations  due  from  nationals  of  the  allied  and  associated  powers  to 
German  nationals,  and  vice  versa.  It  was  not  deemed  advisable  that  the 
Government  of  the  United  States  should  undertake  to  assist  in  the  settlement 
of  private  aiFairs  in  accordance  with  this  system;  and  therefore,  largely  at  the 
instance  of  the  Arnerican  Delegation,  a  provision  (sub-paragraph  (e)  Article 
298)  v/as  inserted  in  this  Section  so  that  Governments  are  excepted  from  its 
operations,  unless  within  six  months  after  the  coming  into  force  of  the  Treaty 
notice  is  given  of  a  desire  to  participate  in  the  clearing  house  scheme.  The 
United  States  will  therefore  be  excepted  from  the  scheme,  unless  affirmative 
action  is  talien  with  a  view  to  participation  therein. 

In  order  to  make  the  plan  workeJjle,  it  is  provided  that: 

(a)  Each  state  shall  guarantee  the  payment  of  all  debts  owing  by  its 
nationals  to  nationals  of  the  enemy  state,  except  in  cases  of  the  insolvency  of 
the  debtor  before  the  war; 

(6)  The  proceeds  of  the  sale  of  private  enemy  property  in  each  state 
shall  be  used  by  the  said  state  to  pay  the  debts  of  its  own  nationals; 

(c)  Debtors  and  creditors  in  states  formerly  enemy  are  forbidden  to 
L3ttle  their  debts  with  each  other;  or  to  communicate  with  each  other  regard- 
(inrj  tliem. 

This  plan  may  be  desirable  for  Great  Britain,  but  is  extremely  undesir- 
able, if  not  actually  impossible  for  the  United  States.  It  is  accordingly  recom- 
mended that  it  be  not  accepted  by  the  United  States. 

1.  Our  government  should  not  accept  th^  burden  of  guaranteeing  the 
private  debts  owed  by  its  citizens.  This  would  be  an  obhgation  of  unknown 
and  probably  very  great  proportions. 

36 


TREATY    OF    PEACE    WITH    GERMANY 


The  provisions  of  the  Treaty  regarding  payment  of  these  debts  are  of  such 
great  importance  that  the  full  text  of  article  is  presented: 

DEBTS. 

Article  296. 
There  shaU  be  settled  through  the  intervention  of  clearing 
offices  to  be  established  by  each  of  the  High  Contracting  Parties 
within  three  months  of  the  notification  referred  to  in  paragraph 
(e)  hereafter  the  following  classes  of  pecuniary  obligations: 

(1)  Debts  payable  before  the  war  and  due  by  a  national  of 
one  of  the  Contracting  Powers,  residing  within  its  territory,  to 
a  national  of  an  Opposing  Power,  residing  within  its  territory; 

(2)  Debts  which  became  payable  during  the  war  to  nationals 
of  one  Contracting  Power  residing  within  its  territory  and  arose 
out  of  transactions  or  contracts  with  the  nationals  of  an  Oppos- 
ing Power,  resident  within  its  territory,  of  which  the  total  or 
partial  execution  was  suspended  on  account  of  the  declaration 
of  war; 

(3)  Interest  which  has  accrued  due  before  and  during  the 
war  to  a  national  of  one  of  the  Contracting  Powers  in  respect 
of  securities  issued  by  an  Opposing  Power,  provided  that  the 
payment  of  interest  on  such  securities  to  the  nationals  of  that 
Power  or  to  neutrals  has  not  been  suspended  during  the  war; 

2.  The  Treaty  should  not  compel  the  United  States  to  use  the  private 
property  of  Germans  in  our  country  for  the  payment  of  debts  owed  by  other 
Germans  to  oiu*  citizens.  To  do  so  might  amount  to  confiscation;  moreover. 
Congress  has  expressly  reserved  to  itself  the  power  to  decide  what  shall 
become  of  the  enemy  property  in  the  United  States.  On  the  other  hand,  there 
seems  no  objection  to  the  United  States  retaining  the  enemy  property,  for  the 
present,  as  a  hostage  or  pledge  to  secure  American  rights,  and  then  deciding 
in  its  own  way  what  is  the  fair  and  proper  course.  To  accept  the  clearing 
house  system  would  commit  the  United  States  to  a  course  which,  it  is  firmly 
believed.  Congress  wiU  not  wish  to  follow. 

3.  To  forbid  our  citizens  from  adjusting  their  debts  and  accounts  with 
former  enemies  privately,  would  be  a  wholly  unnecessary  and  unjustificable 
interference  with  private  affairs.  It  would  be  a  most  serious  obstacle  in  the 
resumption  of  business  and  commercial  relations.  Our  financial  houses  and 
business  firms  had  many  complicated  accounts,  and  transactions  which  wers 
suspended  by  war.  These  houses,  and  especially  the  bankers,  must  speedily 
adjust  their  financial  accounts.  Otherwise  commerce  cannot  be  properly 
resumed.  The  Clearing  House  plan  would  compel  aH  such  adjustments  and  all 
payments  to  be  made  through  governmental  agencies. 

As  regards  other  countries  than  the  United  States,  the  adoption  of  the 
Clearing  House  plan  by  some  of  them  would  be  extremely  detrimental  to 
their  own  interests,  and  might  be  ruinous  to  a  nation  whose  balance  of  private 
debts  was  largely  in  favor  of  Germany. 

The  principle  is  already  accepted.  Article  A,  clause  (e)  that  any  Allied 
State  may  exclude  itself  from  the  operation  of  the  clearing  house  plan.  {Merru 
orandum  of  American  Mission  at  Peace  Conference.) 

37 


THE       PEACE       TREATIES 


(4)  Capital  sums  which  have  become  payable  before  and 
dm-ing  the  war  to  nationals  of  one  of  the  Contracting  Powers  in 
respect  of  securities  issued  by  one  of  the  Opposing  Powers,  pro- 
vided that  the  payment  of  such  capital  sums  to  nationals  of 
that  Power  or  to  neutrals  has  not  been  suspended  din-ing  the 
war. 

The  proceeds  of  liquidation  of  enemy  property,  rights  and 
interests  mentioned  in  Section  IV  and  in  the  Annex  thereto 
will  be  accounted  for  through  the  Clearing  Offices,  in  the  cur- 
rency and  at  the  rate  of  exchange  hereinafter  provided  in  para- 
graph (d),  and  disposed  of  by  them  under  the  conditions  pro- 
vided by  the  said  Section  and  Annex. 

The  settlements  provided  for  in  this  Article  shall  be  effected 
according  to  the  following  principles  and  in  accordance  with  the 
Annex  to  this  Section: 

(a)  Each  of  the  High  Contracting  Parties  shall  prohibit,  as 
from  the  coming  into  force  of  the  present  Treaty,  both  the  pay- 
ment and  the  acceptance  of  payment  of  such  debts,  and  also 
all  communications  between  the  interested  parties  with  regard 
to  the  settlement  of  the  said  debts  otherwise  than  through  the 
Clearing  Offices; 

(6)  Each  of  the  High  Contracting  Parties  shall  be  respec- 
tively responsible  for  the  payment  of  such  debts  due  by  its  na- 
tionals, except  in  the  cases  where  before  the  war  the  debtor  was 
in  a  state  of  bankruptcy  or  failure,  or  had  given  formal  indica- 
tion of  insolvency  or  where  the  debt  was  due  by  a  company 
whose  business  has  been  Uquidated  under  emergency  legislation 
during  the  war.  Nevertheless,  debts  due  by  the  inhabitants  of 
territory  invaded  or  occupied  by  the  enemy  before  the  Armistice 
will  not  be  guaranteed  by  the  States  of  which  those  territories 
form  part; 

(c)  The  sums  due  to  the  nationals  of  one  of  the  High  Con- 
tracting Parties  by  the  nationals  of  an  Opposing  State  will  be 
debited  to  the  Clearing  Office  of  the  country  of  the  debtor,  and 
paid  to  the  creditor  by  the  Clearing  Office  of  the  country  of  the 
creditor; 

(d)  Debts  shall  be  paid  or  credited  in  the  currency  of  such 
one  of  the  Allied  and  Associated  Powers,  their  colonies  or  pro- 
tectorates, or  the  British  Dominions  or  India,  as  may  be  con- 
concerned.  If  the  debts  are  payable  in  some  other  currency  they 
shall  be  paid  or  credited  in  the  currency  of  the  country  con- 
cerned, whether  an  Allied  or  Associated  Power,  Colony,  Protec- 
torate, British  Dominion  or  India,  at  the  pre-war  rate  of  ex- 
change. 

For  the  purpose  of  this  provision  the  pre-war  rate  of  ex- 
38 


TREATY    OF    PEACE    WITH    GERMANY 


change  shall  be  defined  as  the  average  cable  transfer  rate  prevail- 
ing in  the  Allied  or  Associated  country  concerned  during  the 
month  immediately  preceding  the  outbreak  of  war  between  the 
said  country  concerned  and  Germany. 

If  a  contract  provides  for  a  fixed  rate  of  exchange  governing 
the  conversion  of  the  currency  in  which  the  debt  is  stated  into 
the  currency  of  the  Allied  or  Associated  country  concerned, 
then  the  above  provisions  concerning  the  rate  of  exchange  shall 
not  apply. 

In  the  case  of  new  States  the  currency  in  which  and  the  rate 
of  exchange  at  which  debts  shall  be  paid  or  credited  shall  be  de- 
termined by  the  Reparation  Commission  provided  for  in  Part 
VIII  (Reparation); 

(e)  The  provisions  of  this  Article  and  of  the  Annex  hereto 
shedl  not  apply  as  between  Germany  on  the  one  hand  and  any 
one  of  the  allied  and  associated  powers,  their  colonies  or  pro- 
tectorates, or  any  one  of  the  British  Dominions  or  India  on 
the  other  hand,  unless  within  a  period  of  one  month  from  the 
deposit  of  the  ratification  of  the  present  Treaty  by  the  Power  in 
question,  or  of  the  ratification  on  behalf  of  such  Dominion  or  of 
India,  notice  to  that  effect  is  given  to  Germany  by  the  (lovem- 
ment  of  such  allied  or  associated  power  or  of  such  Dominion  or 
of  India  as  the  case  may  be; 

(/)  The  allied  and  associated  powers  who  have  adopted  this 
Article  and  the  Annex  hereto  may  agree  between  themselves  to 
apply  them  to  their  respective  nationals  established  in  their 
territory  so  far  as  regards  matters  between  their  nationals  and 
German  nationals.  In  this  case  the  payments  made  by  ap- 
plication of  this  provision  will  be  subject  to  arrangements  be- 
tween the  aUied  and  associated  clearing  offices  concerned. 

Restoration  by  Germany  of  Enemy  Property 

Germany  agrees  to  restore  or  pay  for  all  enemy  property  seized  or  damaged 
by  her  during  the  war,  the  amount  due  to  be  fixed  by  a  mixed  arbitral  tribunal, 
and  any  excess  of  damage  due  from  Germany  to  nationals  of  an  allied  or 
associated  state  may  be  liquidated  by  the  sale  of  private  German  property 
in  the  respective  allied  or  associated  states'  territories.  Germany  agrees  to 
compensate  its  own  nationals  for  such  losses.  She  agrees  to  deliver  within  six 
months  documents  relating  to  property  held  by  Germans  in  allied  and  asso- 
ciated states.  All  war  legislation  of  the  allied  and  associated  states  as  to 
German  property  is  confirmed  and  all  claims  by  Germany  against  these 
governments  for  acts  under  exceptional  war  measures  are  abandoned.* 

*Provisions  in  these  Articles  deal  with  the  disposition  of  property  of 
enemy  nationals  which  the  belligerents  have  sequestered  and  in  some  cases, 
sold  during  the  war,  that  is,  property  of  the  allied  and  associated  powers  in 


THE       PEACE        TREATIES 


Cancellation  of  Pre-War  Contracts 

Germany  agrees  to  the  cancellation  of  pre-war  contracts  between  allied 
and  associated  nationals  excepting  the  United  States,  Japan,  and  Brazil, 

Germany  and  property  of  German  nationals  in  the  allied  and  associated 
countries. 

Germany  is  obligated  to  restore  the  property  of  nationals  of  the  aUied 
and  associated  powers,  to  pay  over  the  proceeds  of  property  that  has  been  sold, 
and  to  make  compensation  for  damages  committed  to  sequestered  property. 

The  allied  and  associated  governments  reserve  the  right  to  retain  and  to 
liquidate  the  property  of  German  nationals  and  to  hold  the  proceeds  thereof 
as  a  pledge  for  the  satisfaction  of  claims  against  Germany  for  losses  growing 
out  of  any  action  by  German  authorities  with  reference  to  property  of  nationals 
of  allied  and  associated  countries.  Provisions  protect  even  the  pre-war 
claims,  so  to  speak,  of  the  Government  of  the  tFnited  States  (Article  298, 
Annex,  part  4).  Claims  for  property  damaged  or  seized  in  Germany  must  be 
passed  upon  by  a  mixed  arbitral  tribunal.  The  disposition  of  the  property 
seized  or  liquidated  by  American  authorities  will,  so  far  as  the  United  States  is 
concerned,  be  determined  in  the  first  instance  by  Congress. 

The  United  States  by  special  stipulations  is  excepted  from  a  scheme 
relating  to  a  "clearing  house"  for  claims  which  is  applicable  to  other  contract- 
ing parties.  By  these  stipulations  it  is  provided  that  the  proceeds  of  liquidated 
German  property  may  be  used  by  the  United  States  (or  any  other  similarly 
situated  country)  "in  accordance  with  its  laws  and  regulations"  (sub-para- 
graph (2),  Article  297). 

It  will  be  observed  that  the  American  Delegation  has  secured  to  the  further- 
most jpossible  extent  a  method  of  bringing  about  a  settlement  of  claims  growing 
out  of  retention  of  or  damage  to  American  property  in  Germany,  as  well  as  the 
settlement  of  pre-war  claims  such  as  those  growing  out  of  the  sinking  of  the 
"Lusitania"  and  certain  American  vessels.  The  responsibility  or  right  is  left 
with  Congress  to  determine  whether  German  property  held  in  the  United 
States  shall  be  applied  to  the  settlement  of  these  claims. 

The  principles  for  dealing  with  enemy  property  are  as  follows: 

1.  Germany  is  required  to  restore  to  the  owners  all  private  property 
seized  in  Germany,  not  already  sold.  As  regards  all  such  property  which  has 
been  sold,  it  must  either  restore  the  property  or  pay  the  proceeds  of  sales 
to  the  government  of  the  owner.  Germany  is  also  required  to  pay  for  any 
damages  or  injuries  inflicted  by  its  government  upon  the  private  property  of 
the  nationals  of  Allied  citizens  in  Germany.  The  amount  of  said  damages  or 
injuries  is  to  be  determined  by  a  mixed  tribunal  with  a  neutral  president. 

The  Allied  countries  are  allowed  to  hold  the  property  of  German  nationals 
in  their  countries,  and  at  their  option  to  sell  such  property  and  use  the  pro- 
ceeds: (1)  to  pay  for  the  property  of  their  citizens  not  restored  or  paid  for  by 
Germany;  or  (2)  to  pay  for  damages  to  their  property  in  Germany;  or  (3)  to 
pay  debts  of  their  nationals  owed  by  nationals  of  Germany.  In  case,  however, 
Germany  keeps  its  obligation  to  restore  or  pay  for  the  Allied  property  in 
Germany,  the  Allied  countries  would  not  have  to  use  the  proceeds  of  German 
property  for  such  purposes. 

2.  In  addition,  the  Allied  countries  are  allowed,  at  their  option,  to  use 
the  German  private  property  which  is  in  their  countries,  to  pay  other  claims 
against  Germany,  in  accordance  with  the  other  terms  of  the  Treaty. 

3.  Germany  agrees  to  compensate  its  own  nationals  for  any  property  of 
theirs  retained  or  sold  by  the  Allied  states. 

Theadoptionof  theabove  principles  will  leave  the  United  States  freetodral 
with  German  property  in  the  United  States  as  Congress  may  decide.    It  may 

40 


TREATY     OF     PEACE    WITH     GERMANY 


and  German  nationals  and  excepting  for  accounts  already  performed,  agree- 
ments for  property  transfers  where  the  property  already  has  passed,  leases 
of  land  and  houses,  contracts  of  mortgages,  pledges  or  hens,  mining  conces- 
sions, contracts  with  governments  and  insurance  contracts.  Controversies 
over  contracts  shall  be  settled  by  a  mixed  tribunal  of  arbitration  consisting 
of  one  member  representing  Germany,  one  representing  the  associated  states 
and  one  named  by  agreement,  failing  which  agreement  the  President  of 
Switzerland  shall  nominate.  The  jurisdiction  of  this  tribunal  extends  only  to 
contracts  concluded  before  the  signing  of  the  treaty.* 

(a)  return  all  or  any  part  of  the  property  to  the  former 
owners; 

(b)  sell  all  or  any  part  of  such  property  and  use  all  or  any 
part  of  the  proceeds  of  all  sales  to  pay  the  claims  of  American 
citizens  on  accoimt  of  their  property  and  rights  in  Germany; 

(c)  use  the  proceeds  of  such  sales  to  pay  any  claims  against 
Germany  which  may  arise  according  to  the  other  terms  of  the 
Treaty  (e.  g.  on  possible  reparation  or  indemnity  account). 

The  Trading  with  the  Enemy  Act  provides  that  the  ultimate  disposition 
of  the  enemy  property  taken  by  the  Ahen  Property  Custodian  shall  be  decided 
by  Congress,  after  the  war.  The  above  plan  provides  for  Germany's  consent 
to  this  enactment.  The  United  States  agrees,  however,  to  give  due  credit  to 
Germany,  for  any  property  of  its  citizens  (including  the  proceeds  of  sales) 
which  the  United  States  may  apply  to  the  purposes  specified  above  and  to  give 
due  credit  either  to  Germany  or  to  its  nationals  for  the  remainder  of  such 
property  or  proceeds,  not  so  applied.  This  stipulation  expressly  excludes  the 
idea  that  the  United  States  will  confiscate  any  property. 

Meanwhile  all  acts  under  war  legislation  in  all  countries,  including 
Germany,  in  deaUng  with  enemy  property,  are  confirmed,  so  that  the  titles  to 
property  sold  by  the  Alien  Property  Custodian  in  the  United  States,  as  well  as 
the  titles  to  that  sold  by  the  German  Government,  are  confirmed.  This  is 
intended  to  preclude,  as  far  as  possible,  Htigation  to  question  such  titles. 
(Memorandum  of  American  Mission  at  Peace  Conference.) 

*Most  of  the  coimtries  other  than  the  United  States  have  insisted  upon 
a  general  plan  by  which  contracts  existing  before  the  waur,  between  their 
nationals  and  nationals  of  Germany  shall  be  generally  canceled.  There  are 
some  exceptions  like  pecuniary  fiabiUties;  and  some  special  kinds  of  contracts 
like  insurance  are  otherwise  treated.  The  United  States,  Brazil  and  Japan, 
however,  have  not  adhered  to  this  plan,  and  are  expressly  excepted  from  its 
operation. 

In  the  United  States  many  contracts  were  dissolved,  under  our  laws, 
by  the  state  of  war.  Examples  are:  partnerships;  contracts  requiring  com- 
munication with  the  enemy;  and,  under  decisions  of  our  courts,  contracts 
the  performance  of  which  was  rendered  unjust  or  inecpiitable  on  account 
of  the  changed  conditions  produced  by  the  state  of  war.  Other  contracts  were 
merely  suspended.  These  last  would  be  revived  automatically  under  our 
laws,  at  the  end  of  the  war,  and,  so  far  as  the  United  States  is  concerned, 
are  treated  as  revived  in  this  draft. 

The  dissolution  of  all  contracts  which  are  now  merely  suspended,  would 
entail  great  confusion  and  hardship  upon  many  persons  and  businesses,  in- 
cluding both  those  of  the  United  States  and  of  Germany;  it  would  not  seem 
just  to  cancel  such  contracts  without  the  consent  of  the  owners. 

The  other  countries  represented  on  the  Economic  Commission  have 
appreciated  the  j^osition  of  the  United  States  in  this  respect  and  have  cop- 

41 


THE       PEACE       TREATIES 


Special  Insurance  Clauses 

Contracts  for  fire  insurance  are  not  considered  dissolved  by  the  war, 
even  though  premiums  have  not  been  paid  during  the  war,  but  such  contracts 
do  dissolve  upon  failure  to  meet  the  premium  payment  falling  due  three  months 
after  the  peace.  Life  insurance  contracts  shall  be  validated  by  payment  of 
accumulated  premiums  with  interest  falling  due  on  such  contracts  during 
the  war  to  be  recoverable  with  interest.  Marine  insurance  contracts  are  to  be 
considered  dissolved  by  the  outbreak  of  the  war  excepting  where  the  risk 
insured  against  aheady  has  been  incurred.  Where  the  risk  attached,  premiums 
due  and  sums  due  on  losses  are  recoverable  but  where  risks  have  not  attached 
premiums  paid  are  recoverable.  Reinsurance  treaties  are  abrogated  unless 
invasion  has  made  it  impossible  for  the  reinsured  to  find  other  reinsurance. 
At  its  option,  amy  alhed  or  associated  state  is  empowered  to  cancel  all  contracts 
between  its  nationals  and  German  Ufe  insurance  companies,  Germany  agreeing 
to  return  the  portion  of  its  assets  derived  from  such  poUcies. 

Industrial,  literary  and  artistic  property  rights  are  reestabUshed.  The 
right  is  reserved  to  impose  conditions  on  German  patents  and  copyrights 
in  the  public  interest  and  the  special  war  measures  of  the  aUied  and  associated 
powers  relating  to  such  matters  are  ratified.  Pre-war  rights  and  licenses 
protecting  infringement  are  canceled,  excepting  as  between  the  United  States 
and  Germany. 

Industrial  Property 

The  following  is  a  synopsis  of  the  essential  points  of  this  section  affecting 
American  interests. 

The  system  of  industrial  property  rights  as  it  existed  before  the  war  is, 
generally  speaking,  restored.    The  industrial  property  rights  of  allied  and  asso- 

sented  that  this  country,  as  well  as  Brazil,  and  Japan  should  leave  unchanged 
the  legal  status  of  contracts  to  which  their  nationals  are  parties. 

Provisions  is  made,  however,  in  Article  I.,  whereby  nationals  of  all  the 
AUied  and  Associated  Countries,  the  United  States  included,  shall  have  access 
to  a  new  tribunal  with  a  neutral  president,  so  that  they  need  not  be  compelled 
to  resort  to  German  courts  for  the  adjudication  of  their  contractural  rights 
after  the  war. 

Provision  is  made  for  the  cancellation,  with  certain  exceptions,  of  con- 
tracts concluded  prior  to  the  war  by  nationals  of  enemy  countries.  It  was 
deemed  advisable  that  the  United  States  should  be  excepted  from  the  greater 
portion  of  the  provisions  of  this  section  (sub-paragraph  (c)  article  299). 
Controversies  respecting  private  contractual  rights  must  evidently  therefore 
be  determined  by  the  appropriate  judicial  tribunals.  Like  nationals  of  other 
Alhed  and  Associated  States,  American  citizens  will,  however,  have  a  right 
to  ^o  before  a  mixed  arbitral  tribunal  in  cases  decided  by  German  courts 
durmg  the  war,  when  such  persons  were  not  able  to  make  thek  defense. 

A  nuxed  arbitral  tribunal  is  created  which  functions  in  connection  with 
the  clearing  house  scheme  and  which  must  pass  on  claims  for  property  seized 
or  damaged  in  Germany.  The  interests  of  the  United  States  appear  adequate- 
ly protective  in  the  organization  of  this  tribunal,  since  one  of  the  three  judges 
composing  it  must  be  a  national  of  a  neutral  country,  and  since,  if  the  Govern- 
ment of  the  United  States  so  decides,  cases  may  be  presented  to  the  tribunal 
in  EngUsh.     {Memorandum  of  American  Mission  at  Peace  Conference.) 

42 


TREATY    OF    PEACE    WITH    GERMANY 


ciateA  powers  which  may  have  become  invaKd  by  reason  of  the  failure  to  pay 
annual  taxes,  or  to  meet  any  formal  requirements,  may  be  revalidated. 

Failure  to  "work"  in  Germany  and  in  the  other  signatory  countries  dur- 
ing the  war  is  waived  as  a  cause  of  forfeiture  of  industrial  property  rights. 

Americans  who  were  prevented  by  the  war  from  patenting  their  inven- 
tions, registering  their  trademarks,  etc.,  in  Germany  or  in  other  signatory 
countries  may  do  so  now. 

Measures  taken  during  the  war  by  the  United  States  by  way  of  licensing 
or  liquidating  German  patents  are  recognized  as  valid  and  remain  effective. 

The  right  of  the  United  States  to  impose  conditions  on  German-owned 
Industrial  Property,  if  in  the  future  the  national  defense  or  public  interest 
should  require  it,  is  reserved  by  the  United  States  and  recognized  by  Germany. 

The  liability  of  the  United  States  or  of  those  acting  for  it  for  infringements 
incident  to  the  prosecution  of  the  war  is  waived  by  Germany  for  itself  and  for 
its  nationals. 

License  contract  rights  and  rights  of  Americans  to  sue  for  infringements 
committed  during  the  war  by  Germany  or  Germans  are  not  surrendered  by  the 
Treaty. 

The  Opium  Traffic 

The  contracting  powers  agree  within  twelve  months,  by  enactment  of 
requisite  legislation,  to  bring  the  opium  convention  of  January  23,  1912,  into 
force,  whether  or  not  they  have  previously  signed  it  or  signed  the  protocol 
opened  at  The  Hague  in  accordance  with  resolutions  adopted  by  the  Third 
Opium  Conference  in  1914. 

Integrity  of  Religious  Missions 

The  allied  and  associated  powers  agree  that  property  of  religious  missions 
in  territories  belonging  to  or  ceded  to  them  shall  continue  their  work  under  the 
control  of  the  powers,  but  Germany  renounces  all  claims  in  their  behalf. 


PART  XI 

AERIAL  NAVIGATION  IN  GERMANY 

Germany  gives  full  liberty  of  passage  and  landing  of  aircraft  of  the 
allied  and  associated  governments  over  and  in  German  territory,  and  equal 
treatment  with  German  planes  in  the  use  of  German  airdromes  and  with  most 
favored-nation  planes  in  commercial  traffic  in  Germany.  Planes  may  cross 
Germany  entirely  without  landing.  She  agrees  to  accept  AlUed  certificates 
of  nationality,  worthiness  of  craft,  competency  or  license,  and  to  apply  the 
convention  of  the  allied  and  associated  powers  to  her  own  aircraft.  These  rules 
will  apply  until  1923  unless  Germany  is  admitted  to  the  League  of  Nations, 
or  to  the  Air  Convention  before  that  time. 


43 


THE        PEACE        TREATIES 
PART  XII 

PORTS,  CANALS  AND  RAILWAYS 

Freedom  of  Transit 

Germany  agrees  to  grant  freedom  of  transit  through  her  territories  by 
rail  or  by  water  to  passengers,  goods,  ships,  carriages  and  mails  from  or  to 
any  of  the  allied  or  associated  states,  free  of  customs  or  transit  duties,  and 
without  restrictions  or  discriminations  based  on  nationahty,  means  of  transport 
or  point  of  entry  or  departure.  Shipments  shall  not  be  delayed,  especially 
perishable  goods,  nor  may  Germany  divert  goods  from  their  normal  course  in 
favor  of  her  own  goods.  Germany  agrees  not  to  levy  taxes  discriminating 
against  £iny  port  of  the  allied  or  associated  powers  but  agrees  to  grant  such 
seaports  such  reductions  in  tariffs  as  enjoyed  by  her  own  nationals  and  afford 
the  nationals  of  the  alhed  and  associated  powers  equal  rights  with  those  of 
Germans  in  her  ports  and  waterways. 

Free  Zones  in  Ports 

Germemy  agrees  to  maintain  free  zones  in  German  ports  existing  on 
August  1,  1914,  with  due  facihties  as  to  warehousing,  packing,  etc.,  without 
discrimination  or  charges  except  fior  expenses  of  administration  and  use. 
Goods  leaving  these  free  zones  to  enter  Germany  or  entering  the  free  zones 
from  Germany  shall  be  subject  to  the  ordinary  import  and  export  taxes. 
International  Rivers 

The  following  rivers  are  declared  international  with  equal  rights  for  all 
flags:  The  Elbe  from  the  junction  of  the  Vltava,  the  Vltava  from  Prague,  the 
Oder  from  Oppa,  the  Niemen  from  Grodno,  and  the  Danube  from  Uhn.  Their 
connections  are  included  and  the  riparian  states  are  required  to  assure  good 
conditions  of  navigation  within  their  territories  where  no  special  organization 
exists  for  such  work.  Appeal  as  to  the  upkeep  of  these  international  rivers 
may  be  had  to  the  League  of  Nations  which  may  arrange  an  international 
waterways  convention.  Special  international  commissions  are  provided  for 
working  out  these  plans. 

The  Danube 

Limited  to  representatives  of  Great  Britain,  France,  Italy  and  Roumania, 
the  European  Danube  Commission  resumes  its  pre-war  powers  and  the  Upper 
Danube  is  to  be  administered  by  a  new  international  commission,  pending  a 
more  permanent  international  arrangement  to  be  reached  within  a  year  after 
the  peace.  The  enemy  governments  agree  to  cede  their  interests  and  river 
facihties  in  territory  they  have  ceded  to  new  states  and  shall  make  reparation 
to  the  European  Danube  Commission  for  damages  sustained  during  the  war, 
Czechoslovakia,  Serbia  and  Roumania  shall  be  given  any  rights  necessary  to 
enable  them  to  carry  out  navigation  improvements  along  their  shores. 
The  Rhine  and  Moselle 

For  the  purpose  of  administration  of  the  Rhine  a  central  commission  shall 
meet  at  Strasburg  within  six  months  after  the  peace,  being  composed  as 

44 


TREATY    OF    PEACE    WITH    GERMANY 


follows:  four  representatives  of  France,  which  shall  select  the  President  of  the 
commission;  four  of  Germany,  and  two  each  of  Great  Britain,  Italy,  Belgium, 
Switzerland,  and  the  Netherlands.  Germany  agrees  in  advance  to  permit 
France  to  divert  water  from  the  Rhine  to  feed  canals  on  the  French  side  of  the 
river  while  refraining  from  making  such  diversions  on  the  left  bank.  Germany 
must  surrender  to  France  all  her  drafts  and  designs  for  this  part  of  the  river, 
that  is  the  portion  between  the  French  frontiers. 

A  deep-draft  Rhine-Meuse  canal  may  be  constructed  by  Belgium,  if 
she  desires,  within  25  years  in  which  case  Germany  agrees  to  construct  the  part 
within  her  territory  in  accordance  with  the  Belgian  plans,  and  similar  provision 
is  made  for  other  Rhine-Meuse  canal  enterprises.  Germany  agrees  not  to 
object  if  the  General  Rhine  Commission  extends  its  jurisdiction  over  the  upper 
Rhine,  lower  Moselle  and  lateral  canals. 

River  Craft  Ceded 

Germany  agrees  to  cede  to  the  allied  and  associated  powers  certain  tugs, 
vessels  and  facilities  for  navigation  on  these  streams,  the  United  States 
naming  an  arbiter  to  work  out  specific  details.  Decisions  shall  be  governed 
by  precedents  drawn  from  a  pre-war  period  of  five  years,  next  preceding  the 
war.  Adjustments  will  be  made  against  the  reparation  account  for  seizures. 
Shares  in  German  navigation  companies  operating  on  the  Rhine  and  such  pro- 
perty as  wharves  and  warehouses  including  those  at  Rotterdam  at  the  outbreak 
of  the  war,  must  be  handed  over. 

Railway  Facilities 

Germany  agrees  to  co-operate  in  establishment  of  through  ticket  services 
for  passengers  and  baggage;  to  insure  rail  communication  between  allied, 
associated  and  other  states;  to  allow  construction  or  improvement  within  25 
years  of  such  new  hnes  as  necessary  and  to  standardize  her  rolling  stock  in 
accordance  with  the  standards  of  the  other  countries  and  generally  to  give 
most  favored  nation  treatment  on  her  railways.  She  agrees  (should  Italy  and 
Switzerland  so  request)  to  the  denunciation  of  the  St.  Gothard  Convention 
and  temporarily  to  execute  instructions  to  the  transport  of  troops  and  supplies 
and  the  establishment  of  postal  and  telegraphic  facilities. 

Exits  for  Czechoslovakia 

A  commission  of  three  representing  Czechoslovakia,  Germany  and  Great 
Britain  shall  work  out  details  of  a  plan  whereby  the  former  may  run  trains  to 
Fiume  and  Trieste  on  the  Adriatic  and  secure  a  99-year  lease  from  Germany 
of  terminal  facilities  in  Hamburg  and  Stettin. 

Opening  of  the  Kiel  Canal 

Germany  opens  the  Kiel  Canal  to  free  passage  of  war  and  merchant 
ships  of  nations  with  which  she  is  at  peace,  with  absolute  equality  and  no  extra- 
ordinary charges,  Germany  being  responsible  for  upkeep  of  the  canal.  Ger- 
many shall  establish  at  Kiel  a  local  authority  to  hear  preliminary  complaints 
but  major  controversies  may  be  appealed  to  the  League  of  Nations  which  may 
appomt  an  international  commission  to  adjust  such  matters. 

48 


THE       PEACE        TREATIES 
PART  XIII 

INTERNATIONAL  LABOR  ORGANIZATION 

Permanent  Offices  and  Conference 

Members  of  the  League  of  Nations  agree  to  the  permanent  establishment 
of  an  international  labor  conference  with  a  permanent  international  labor  office. 
The  Conference  shall  be  composed  of  four  representatives  of  each  state, 
two  from  the  government  and  one  each  from  the  employers  and  the  employed 
and  each  may  have  an  individual  vote.  Drafts  of  conventions  or  recommenda- 
tions of  this  Conference  may  form  the  basis  of  legislation  and  if  such  recom- 
mendations come  up  on  a  two-thirds  vote  of  the  Conference  they  must  be  sub- 
mitted to  the  state  legislative  bodies.  Each  state  legislative  body  may  reject 
the  proposals  without  further  obligation  or  may  enact  the  terms  into  law  with 
such  local  modifications  as  appear  requisite  or  may  approve  the  principles 
involved,  leaving  the  actual  legislation  to  local  subdivisions. 

The  international  labor  office  is  to  be  established  at  the  seat  of  the  League 
of  Nations,  as  a  part  of  the  League's  organization.  This  office  shall  make  inves- 
tigations and  collect  labor  data  and  prepare  matter  for  the  Conference.  It 
will  publish  a  periodical  in  French,  Enghsh  and,  permissively,  in  other  lan- 
guages. Annual  reports  shall  be  made  to  the  Conference  by  the  member  states 
covering  labor  legislation,  etc. 

Governing  Body 

The  governing  body  of  the  Conference  shall  consist  of  an  executive 
composed  as  follows:  Twelve  members  representing  governments,  six  em- 
ployers and  six  employes,  terms  to  run  for  three  years. 

Complainis  of  Lack  of  Co-operation 

The  governing  body  may  question  any  state  as  to  the  facts  when  complaint 
is  made  that  the  state  has  failed  to  carry  out  the  terms  of  a  convention  relating 
to  labor  to  which  it  is  a  party.  If  the  government's  reply  is  unsatisfactory, 
the  governing  body  may  publish  it  with  comment.  Should  one  state  complain 
against  another,  the  governing  body  may  refer  the  matter  to  a  commission 
nominated  by  the  Secretary  General  of  the  League  of  Nations.  Failure  of  such 
a  commission  to  obtain  a  satisfactory  issue  may  be  followed  by  reference  of  the 
whole  matter  to  a  permanent  court  of  internation  al  justice  for  final  decision. 

Enforcement  of  Decisions 

While  publicity  will  be  held  the  chief  weapon  in  enforcing  decisions 
relating  to  labor  controversies,  economic  action  against  a  nation  may  be  taken. 

First  Conference  at  Washington 

The  first  meeting  of  the  conference  will  be  held  at  Washington  in  October, 
1919,  and  the  program  shall  include  discussion  of  the  eight-hour  day, 
forty-eight  hour  week;  prevention  of  unemployment;  extension  and  applica- 
tion of  Berne  conventions  of  1909  prohibiting  night  work  of  women  and 

46 


TREATY    OF    PEACE    WITH    GERMANY 


unhealthy  work;  employment  of  women  before  and  after  childbirth;  maternity 
benefits  and  minimmn  wages  for  children. 
Nine  Labor  Clauses 

The  nine  clauses  which  constitute  the  general  labor  platform  ef  the 
League  of  Nations  are: 

Labor  must  not  be  regarded  as  a  commodity; 

Right  of  association  of  employers  and  employes; 

Adequate  wage  to  maintain  a  reasonable  standard  of  living; 

The  eight-hour  day  or  forty-eight  hour  week; 

Abolition  of  child  labor  and  promotion  of  education  and  welfare; 

Equal  pay  for  equal  work  of  men  and  women; 

Equitable  treatment  of  all  workers  including  foreigners; 

A  system  of  inspection  with  representation  for  women. 


PART  XIV 

TREATY  GUARANTIES  BY  GERMANY/— REOCCUPA- 
TION  OF  HER  TERRITORY 

German  territory  west  of  the  Rhine,  with  the  bridgeheads,  will  be  occupied 
by  the  Allied  and  Associated  troops  for  15  years  as  a  guarantee  of  the  execu- 
tion of  the  treaty.  If  the  provisions  are  carried  out  faithfully  by  Germany, 
certain  occupied  sections,  including  the  bridgehead  at  Cologne,  will  be  eva- 
cuated at  the  end  of  5  years;  other  districts,  including  the  Coblenz  bridge- 
head and  territories  nearest  the  Belgian  frontier,  at  the  end  of  10  years,  and 
the  remainder,  including  the  Mainz  and  Kehl  bridgeheads,  at  the  end  of 
15  years.  If  before  the  expiration  of  the  15  years  Germany  faithfully  com- 
plies with  all  of  the  treaty  provisions,  the  occupied  forces  will  be  withdrawn 
immediately.  If  Germany  fails  to  execute  the  whole  or  part  of  her  obliga- 
tions, either  during  the  occupation  or  after  the  15  years,  the  whole  or  part  of 
the  areas  will  be  reoccupied  immediately.  All  German  troops  who  are  now 
east  of  the  new  frontier  shall  return  as  soon  as  the  Allied  and  Associated  govern- 
ments deem  wise.  They  will  refrain  from  all  requisitions  and  not  interfere 
with  measures  for  national  defense  by  the  government  concerned.  All 
questions  regarding  occupation  not  provided  for  in  the  treaty  will  be  regulated 
by  subsequent  convention  and  with  equal  force  and  effect.  ^ 


PART  XV 

MISCELLANEOUS   FEATURES   OF   TREATY.  —  EFFEC- 
TIVE DATES  OF  TREATY 

Germany  binds  herself  to  recognize  the  full  validity  of  the  treaties  of 
peace  and  subsequent  conventions  concluded  by  the  Allied  and  Associated 

47 


THE        PEACE        TREATIES 


governments  with  the  powers  allied  vsdth  Germany,  and  the  decisions  to  be 
taken  as  to  the  territories  of  Austria-Hungary,  Bulgaria  and  Turkey.  She 
agrees  further  to  recognize  the  new  states  in  the  frontiers  to  be  fixed  for  them. 
She  agrees  not  to  advance  any  pecuniary  claims  against  an  Allied  or  Asso- 
ciated power  signing  the  present  treaty  that  are  based  on  events  previous 
to  the  coming  into  force  of  the  treaty.  She  accepts  all  decrees  of  Allied  and 
Associated  prize  courts  relative  to  German  ships  and  goods.  The  Allies 
reserve  the  rights  to  examine  all  decisions  of  German  prize  courts.  The 
treaty,  of  which  the  English  and  French  texts  are  both  authentic,  shall  be 
ratified  and  depositions  of  ratifications  made  in  Paris  as  soon  as  possible. 
The  treaty  will  become  efl'ective  in  respect  to  all  of  its  provisions  for  each 
power  on  the  date  of  deposition  of  its  ratification. 

This  part  further  abrogates  the  Franco-Swiss  treaties  respecting  Savoy 
and  Gex  as  neutrahzed  zones  and  provides  for  revision  of  this  arrangement. 

It  is  provided  that  the  chairmem  of  any  commission  established  by  the 
treaty  may  vote  to  decide  ties. 

Ratification  is  dictated  as  foUows: 

The  deposit  of  ratifications  shall  be  made  at  Paris  as  soon  as  possible. 

Powers  of  which  the  seat  of  the  Grovemment  is  outside  Europe  will  be 
entitled  merely  to  inform  the  Government  of  the  French  Republic  through 
their  diplomatic  representatives  at  Paris  that  their  ratification  has  been  given; 
in  that  case  they  must  transmit  the  instrument  of  ratification  as  soon  as 
possible. 

A  first  proces-verbal  of  the  deposit  of  ratifications  will  be  drawn  up  as 
soon  as  the  Treaty  has  been  ratified  by  Germany  on  the  one  hand,  and  by 
three  of  the  Principal  AUied  and  Associated  Powers  on  the  other  hand. 

From  the  date  of  this  first  proces-verbal  the  Treaty  will  come  into  force 
between  the  High  Contracting  Parties  who  have  ratified  it.  For  the  determi- 
nation of  all  periods  of  time  provided  for  in  the  present  Treaty  this  date  will 
be  the  date  of  the  coming  into  force  of  the  Treaty. 

In  all  other  respects  the  Treaty  will  enter  into  force  for  such  Power  at 
the  date  of  the  deposit  of  its  ratification. 

The  French  Government  will  transmit  to  each  of  the  signatory  Powers 
a  certified  copy  of  the  proces-verbaux  of  the  deposit  of  ratifications. 


4« 


SEPARATE    TREATY    WITH    FRANCE 


SEPARATE  TREATY  WITH   FRANCE 

ASSISTANCE   TO   FRANCE   IN  THE  EVENT   OF  UNPROVOKED 
AGGRESSION  BY  GERMANY 


Agreement  Between  the  United  States  and  France,  Signed    at 
Versailles  June  28,  1919. 

Whereas  the  United  States  of  America  and  the  French  Republic  arc 
equally  animated  by  the  desire  to  maintain  the  Peace  of  the  World  so  happily 
restored  by  the  Treaty  of  Peace  signed  at  Versailles  the  28th  day  of  June, 
1919,  putting  an  end  to  the  war  begun  by  the  aggression  of  the  German 
Empire  and  ended  by  the  defeat  of  that  Power;  and. 

Whereas  the  United  States  of  America  and  the  French  Republic  are  fully 
persuaded  that  an  unprovoked  movement  of  aggression  by  Germany  against 
France  would  not  only  violate  both  the  letter  and  the  spirit  of  the  Treaty  of 
Versailles  to  which  the  United  States  of  America  and  the  French  Republic 
are  parties,  thus  exposing  France  anew  to  the  intolerable  burdens  of  an  impro- 
voked  war,  but  that  such  aggression  on  the  part  of  Germany  would  be  and  is 
so  regarded  by  the  Treaty  of  Versailles  as  a  hostile  act  against  all  the  Powers 
signatory  to  the  Treaty  and  as  calculated  to  disturb  the  Peace  of  the  world 
by  involving  inevitably  and  directly  the  States  of  Europe  and  indirectly,  as 
experience  has  amply  and  unfortunately  demonstrated,  the  world  at  large;  and, 
WTiereas  the  United  States  of  America  and  the  French  Republic  fear  that 
the  stipulations  relating  to  the  left  bank  of  the  Rhine  contained  in  said  Treaty 
of  Versailles  may  not  at  first  provide  adequate  security  and  protection  to 
France  on  the  one  hand  and  the  United  States  of  America  as  one  of  the  signa- 
tories of  the  Treaty  of  Versailles  on  the  other; 

Therefore,  the  United  States  of  America  and  the  French  Republic  having 
decided  to  conclude  a  treaty  to  effect  these  necessary  purposes,  Woodrow 
Wilson,  President  of  the  United  States  of  America,  and  Robert  Lansing, 
Secretary  of  State  of  the  United  States,  specially  authorized  thereto  by  the 
President  of  the  United  States,  and  Georges  Clemenceau,  President  of  the 
Council,  Minister  of  War,  and  Stephen  Pichon,  Minister  of  Foreign  AiTairs, 
specially  authorized  thereto  by  Raymond  Poincare,  President  of  the  French 
Republic,  have  agreed  upon  the  following  articles: 

Article  I. 
In  case  the  following  stipulations  relating  to  the  Left  Bank  of  the  Rhine 
contained  in  the  Treaty  of  Peace  with  Germany  signed  at  Versailles  the  28  th 
day  of  June,  1919,  by  the  United  States  of  America,  the  French  Republic  and 
the  British  Empire  among  other  Powers: 

"Article  42.  Germany  is  forbidden  to  maintain  or  con- 
struct any  fortifications  either  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Rhine  or  on 
the  right  bank  to  the  west  of  a  line  drawn  50  kilometres  to  the 
East  of  the  Rhine. 

"Article  43.    In  the  area  defined  above  the  maintenance 

49 


THE        P  EACE        TREATIES 


and  assembly  of  armed  forces,  either  permanently  or  temporarily, 
and  military  manoeuvres  of  any  kind,  as  well  as  the  upkeep  of 
all  permanent  works  for  mobilization  are  in  the  same  way  for- 
bidden. 

"Article  44.  In  case  Germany  violates  in  any  manner 
whatever  the  provisions  of  Articles  42  and  43,  she  shall  be  re- 
garded as  committing  a  hostile  act  against  the  Powers  signatory 
of  the  present  Treaty  and  as  calculated  to  disturb  the  peace  of 
the  world." 

may  not  at  first  provide  adequate  security  and  protection  to  France,  the 
United  States  of  America  shall  be  bound  to  come  immediately  to  her  assistance 
in  the  event  of  any  unprovoked  movement  of  aggression  agednst  her  being 
made  by  Germany. 

Article  II. 

The  present  Treaty,  in  similar  terms  with  the  Treaty  of  even  date  for  the 
same  purpose  concluded  between  Great  Britain  and  the  French  Republic,  a 
copy  of  which  Treaty  is  annexed  hereto,  will  only  come  into  force  when  the 
latter  is  ratified. 

Article  III. 

The  present  Treaty  must  be  submitted  to  the  Coimcil  of  the  League  of 
Nations,  and  must  be  recognized  by  the  Council,  acting  if  need  be  by  a  major- 
ity, as  an  engagement  which  is  consistent  with  the  Covenant  of  the  League. 
It  will  continue  in  force  until  on  the  application  of  one  of  the  Parties  to  it  the 
Council,  acting  if  need  be  by  a  majority,  agrees  that  the  League  itself  affords 
sufficient  protection. 

Article  IV. 

The  present  Treaty  will  be  submitted  to  the  Senate  of  the  United  States 
at  the  same  time  as  the  Treaty  of  Versailles  is  submitted  to  the  Senate  for  its 
advice  and  consent  to  ratification.  It  will  be  submitted  before  ratification  to 
the  French  Chamber  of  Deputies  for  approval.  The  ratifications  thereof  wiU 
be  exchanged  on  the  deposit  of  ratifications  of  the  Treaty  of  Versailles  at 
Paris  or  as  soon  thereafter  as  shall  be  possible. 

In  faith  whereof  the  respective  Plenipotentiaries,  to  wit:  On  the  part  of 
the  United  States  of  America,  Woodrow  Wilson,  President,  and  Robert 
Lansing,  Secretary  of  State,  of  the  United  States;  and  on  the  part  of  the 
French  Republic,  Georges  Clemenceau,  President  of  the  Council  of  Ministers, 
Minister  of  War,  and  Stephen  Pichon,  Minister  of  Foreign  Affairs,  have  signed 
the  above  articles  both  in  the  English  and  French  languages,  and  they  have 
hereunto  affixed  their  seals. 

Done  in  duplicate  at  the  City  of  Versailles,  on  the  twenty-eighth  day  of 
June,  in  the  year  of  our  Lord  one  thousand  nine  hundred  and  nineteen,  and 
the  one  hundred  and  forty-third  of  the  Independence  of  the  United  States  of 
America. 

[seal.]  Woodrow  Wilson. 

[seal.]  Robert  Lansing. 

[seal.]  G.  Clemenceau. 

[seal.]  S.  Pichon. 

SO 


TREATY    OF    PEACE    WITH    AUSTRIA 


TREATY  OF  PEACE  WITH  AUSTRIA 


THE  UNITED  STATES  OF  AMERICA,  THE  BRITISH  EMPIRE, 
FRANCE,  ITALY  and  JAPAN, 

These  Powers  being  described  in  the  present  Treaty  as  the  Principal 
Allied  and  Associated  Powers; 

BELGIUM,  BOLIVIA,  BRAZIL,  CHINA,  CUBA,  ECUADOR, 
GREECE,  GUATEMALA,  HAITI,  THE  HEDJAZ,  HONDURAS, 
LIBERIA,  NICARAGUA,  PANAMA,  PERU,  POLAND,  PORTUGAL, 
ROUMANIA,  THE  SERB-CROAT-SLOVENE  STATE,  SIAM,  CZECHO- 
SLOVAKIA and  URUGUAY. 

These  Powers  constituting,  with  the  Principal  Powers  mentioned  above, 
the  Allied  and  Associated  Powers, 

of  the  one  part; 
And  AUSTRIA, 

of  the  other  part; 
Whereas  on  the  request  of  the  former  Imperial    and    Royal   Austro- 
Hungarian  Government  an  Armistice  was  granted  to  Austria-Hungary  on 
November  3,  1918,  by  the  Principal  Allied  and  Associated  Powers  in  order 
that  a  Treaty  of  Peace  might  be  concluded,  and 

Whereas  the  Allied  and  Associated  Powers  are  eqpially  desirous  that  the 
war  in  which  certain  among  them  were  successively  involved,  directly  or 
indirectly,  against  Austria-Hungary,  and  which  originated  in  the  declaration 
of  war  against  Serbia  on  July  28,  1914,  by  the  former  Imperial  and  Royal 
Austro-Hungarian  Government,  and  in  the  hostilities  conducted  by  Germany 
in  alliance  with  Austria-Hungary,  should  be  replaced  by  a  firm,  just  and 
durable  Peace,  and 

Whereas  the  former  Austro-Hungarian  Monarchy  has  now  ceased  to 
exist,  and  has  been  replaced  in  Austria  by  a  repubhcan  government,  and 

Whereas  the  Principal  AUied  and  Associated  Powers  have  already  recog- 
nized that  the  Czecho-Slovak  State,  in  which  are  incorporated  c«rtaiti  portions 
of  the  said  Monarchy,  is  a  free,  independent  and  allied  State,  aii'd 

Whereas  the  said  Powers  have  also  recognized  the  union  of  certain  por- 
tions of  the  said  Monarchy  with  the  territory  of  the  Kingdom  of  Serbia  as 
a  free,  independent  and  allied  State,  under  the  name  of  the  Serb-Croat-Slovene 
State,  and 

Whereas  it  is  necessary,  while  restoring  peace,  to  regulate  the  situation 
which  has  arisen  from  the  dissolution  of  the  said  Monarchy  and  the  formation 
of  the  said  States,  and  to  establish  the  government  of  these  countries  on  a 
firm  foundation  of  justice  and  equity;  / 

For  this  purpose  the  HIGH  CONTRACTING  PARTIES  have 
agreed  as  follows: 

From  the  coming  into  force  of  the  present  Treaty  the  state  of  war  will 
termiaate. 

Austria  is  recognized  under  the  name  of  the  "Republic  of  Austria." 

From  that  moment,  and  subject  to  the  provisions  of  this  Treaty,  official 
relations  will  exist  between  the  Allied  and  Associated  Powers  and  the  Republic 
of  Austria.  ^ 

51 


THE       PEACE       TREATIES 


PART  I 

Part  I  of  the  Austrian  Treaty  comprises  the  Covenant  of  the  League  of 
Nations,  as  presented  in  Part  I  of  the  Treaty  with  Germany.  (See  page  6.) 


PART  II 

FRONTIERS  OF  AUSTRIA 

Article  27 

The  frontiers  of  Austria  shall  be  fixed  as  follows: 

1.  With  Switzerland  and  Lichienstein: 
the  present  frontier. 

2.  With  Italy: 

From  the  point  2645  (Gruben  J.)  eastwards  to  Klopaier  Spitz, 

thence  eastwards  to  the  summit  of  Dreiherm  Spitz, 

the  watershed  between  the  basins  of  the  Inn  to  the  north  and  the  Adige  to 
the  south; 

thence  south-south-eastwards  to  Marchkinkele, 

the  watershed  between  the  basins  of  the  Drave  to  the  east  and  the  Adige 
to  the  west; 

thence  south-eastwards  to  Helm  Spitz, 

a  line  to  be  fixed  on  the  ground  crossing  the  Drave  between  Winnbach 
and  Arnbach; 

thence  east-south-eastwards  to  Osternig,  about  9  kilometres  northwest 
of  Tarvis, 

the  watershed  between  the  basins  of  the  Drave  on  the  north  and  succes- 
sively the  basins  of  the  Sextenbach,  the  Piave  and  the  Tagliamento  on  the 
south; 

thence  east-south-eastwards  to  about  2  kilometres  west  of  Thorl, 

the  watershed  between  the  Gail  and  the  Gailitz; 

thence  eastwards  to  Pec, 

a  line  to  be  fixed  on  the  ground  cutting  the  Gailitz  south  of  the  town  and 
station  of  Thorl  and  passing  by  Cabin  Berg. 

3.  On  the  South,  and  then  with  the  Klagenfurt  area,  subject  to  the  Political 
Clauses: 

from  Pec  eastwards  to  Malestiger, 

the  crest  of  the  Karavanken; 

from  Malestiger  and  in  a  north-easterly  direction  as  far  as  the  Drave  at  a 

Eoint  situated  about  1  kilometre  south-east  of  the  railway  bridge  on  the  eastern 
ranch  of  the  bend  made  by  that  river  about  6  kilometres  east  of  ViUach, 

a  line  to  be  fixed  on  the  ground  cutting  the  railway  between  Mallestig  and 
Faak  passing  through  Polana; 

thence  in  a  south-easterly  direction  to  a  point  about  2  kilometres  above 
St.  Martin, 

the  course  of  the  Drave; 

thence  in  a  northerly  direction  about  10  kilometres  to  the  east-north-east 
of  ViUach, 

a  line  rimning  approximately  from  south  to  north  to  be  fixed  bn  the 
ground; 

thence  east-north-eastwards  to  a  point  to  be  chosen  near  a  point  about 
10  kilometres  north-west  of  Klangenfurt  on  the  administrative  boundary 
between  the  districts  of  St.  Veit  and  Klagenfurt, 

52 


TREATY    OF    PEACE    WITH    AUSTRIA 


a  line  to  be  fixed  on  the  ground  passing  through  Taubenbiihel,  Gallinberg 
and  Freudenberg; 

thence  eastwards  to  a  point  to  be  chosen  on  the  ground  west  of  Steinbrucli 
Kogel, 

the  administrative  boundary  between  the  districts  of  St.  Veit  and  Klagen- 
furt; 

thence  north-eastwards  to  the  point  on  the  Gurk  where  the  adminis- 
trative boundary  of  the  district  of  Volkermarkt  leaves  this  river, 

a  line  to  be  fixed  on  the  ground; 

thence  north-eastwards  to  Speikkogl, 

the  administrative  boundary  between  the  districts  of  St.  Veit  and  Volker- 
markt; 

thence  south-eastwards  1  kilometre  west  of  Kasparstein, 

the  north-eastern  boundary  of  the  district  of  Volkermarkt; 

thence  eastwards  to  Hiihner  Kogel, 

a  line  to  be  fixed  on  the  ground  passing  north  of  Lavamiind. 

4.  With  the  Serb-Croat-Slovene  State,  subject  to  the  PoHtical  Clauses: 
From  Hiihner  Kogel  eastwards  to  Lorenzen, 

a  fine  to  be  fixed  on  the  ground  passing; 

thence  eastwards  to  the  point  where  it  meets  the  administrative  boundary 
between  the  districts  of  Marburg  and  Leibnitz, 

the  watershed  between  the  basins  of  the  Drave  to  the  south  and  the 
Saggau  to  the  north; 

thence  north-eastwards  to  the  point  where  this  administrative  boundary 
meets  the  Mur, 

the  above-mentioned  administrative  boundary; 

thence  to  the  point  where  it  meets  the  old  frontiers  of  1867  between  Austria 
and  Hungary  5  kilometres  south-east  of  Radkersburg, 

the  principal  course  of  the  Mur  downstream; 

thence  northwards  to  a  point  to  be  fixed  east  of  a  point  about  16  kilo- 
metres north  of  Radkersburg, 

the  old  frontier  of  1867  between  Austria  and  Hungary; 

thence  north-eastwards  to  a  point  to  be  fixed  on  the  watershed  between 
the  basins  of  the  Raab  and  the  Mur  about  2  kilometres  east  of  Toka, 

a  line  to  be  fixed  on  the  ground,  passing  between  the  villages  of  Bonis- 
falva  and  Gedoudvar. 

This  poiQt  is  the  point  common  to  the  three  frontiers  of  Austria,  Hungary 
and  the  Serb-Croat-Slovene  State. 

5.  With  Hungary: 

From  the  point  above  defined  north-eastwards  to  a  point  about  6  kilo- 
metres north-north-east  of  Szentgotthard, 

a  line  to  be  fixed  on  the  ground  passing  through  point  353  (Janke  B.), 
then  west  of  the  Radkersburg-Szentgotthard  road  and  east  of  the  villages  of 
Nagyfalva,  Nemetlak  and  Rabakeresztur; 

thence  in  a  general  north-easterly  direction  to  a  point  about  7  kilometres 
north-north-east  of  Pinka-Mindszent, 

a  fine  to  be  fixed  on  the  ground  passing  through  Hochkogel,  then  south  of 
the  viUages  of  Zsamand,  Nemetbiikkos  and  Karacsfa,  and  between  Nagy- 
saroslak  and  Pinka-Mindszent; 

thence  northwards  to  Trott  Ko,  about  9  kilometres  south-west  of  Koszeg, 

a  line  to  be  fixed  on  the  ground,  then  east  of  Nagynarda  and  Rohoncz 
and  west  of  Dozmat  and  Butsching; 

thence  north-eastwards  to  Kamenje  about  2  kilometres  south-east  of 
Nikitsch, 

a  fine  to  be  fixed  on  the  ground,  passing  south-east  of  Leibing,  Olmod  and 
Locsmand,  and  north-west  of  Koszeg  and  the  road  from  Koszeg  to  Salamonfa; 

53 


THE        PEACE        TREATIES 


thence  northwards  to  a  point  to  be  selected  on  the  southern  shore  of 
Neusiedkr  See  between  HoUing  and  Hidegseg, 

a  line  to  be  fixed  on  the  ground,  passing  east  of  Nikitsch  and  Zinkendorf 
and  west  of  Kovesd  and  Nemet-Pereszteg; 

thence  eastwards  to  a  point  situated  about  8  kilometres  south-west  of 
St.  Johann, 

a  line  to  be  fixed  on  the  ground,  crossing  the  Neusiedler  See,  passing 
south  of  an  island,  leaving  in  Hungary  the  branch  railway  running  north- 
westwards from  the  station  of  Mexiko  as  well  as  the  entire  Einser  canal,  and 
passing  south  of  Pamhagen; 

thence  northwards  to  a  point  to  be  selected  about  1  kilometre  west  of 
Antonienhof  (east  of  Kittsee) ,  this  point  being  the  point  common  to  the  three 
frontiers  of  Austria,  Hungary,  and  the  Czecho-Slovak  State; 

a  line  to  be  fixed  on  the  ground,  leaving  entirely  in  Hungarian  territory 
the  Csorna-Karlburg  railway  and  passing  west  of  WUst-Sommerein  and  Kr. 
Jahrnderf,  and  east  of  Andau,  Nikelsdorf,  D.  Jahrndorf  and  Kittsee. 

6.  With  the  Czecho-Slovak  State: 

From  the  point  above  defined  north-westwards  to  the  bend  of  the  old 
frontier  of  1867  between  Austria  and  Hungary  about  2}^  kilometres  north-east 
of  Berg, 

a  line  to  be  fixed  on  the  ground,  cutting  the  Kittsee-Pressburg  road  about 
2  kilometres  north  of  Kittsee; 

thence  northwards  to  a  point  to  be  selected  on  the  principal  channel  of 
navigation  of  the  Danube  about  43^  kilometres  upstream  from  the  Pressburg 
bridge, 

a  line  to  be  fixed  on  the  ground  following  as  much  as  possible  the  old 
frontier  of  1867  between  Austria  and  Hungary; 

thence  westwards  to  the  confluence  of  the  Morava  (March)  with  the 
Danube, 

the  prineipal  channel  of  navigation  of  the  Danube; 

thence  the  course  of  the  Morava  upstream,  then  the  course  of  the  Thaya 
upstream  to  a  point  to  be  selected  about  2  kilometres  south-east  of  the  inter- 
section of  the  Kabensburg-Themenau  road  with  the  Radensburg-Lundenburg 
railway; 

thence  west  -  north  -  westwards  the  above-mentioned  administrative 
boundary  between  Lower  Austria  and  Moravia  situated  about  400  metres 
south  of  the  point  where  this  boundary  cuts  the  Nikolsburg-Feldsberg  railway, 

a  line  to  be  fixed  on  the  grouvd  passing  through  Dlouhyvrch,  Rosenbergen, 
Wolfsberg,  Raistenberg,  and  Kallerhaide; 

thence  west-north-westwards  the  above-mentioned  administrative  bound- 
ary; 

thence  westwards  to  a  point  to  be  selected  about  3  kilometres  east  of  the 
village  ef  Franzensthal, 

the  old  administrative  boundary  between  Lower  Austria  and  Bohemia; 

thence  southwards  to  Gelsenberg,  about  5  kilometres  north-northwest 
of  Gmund, 

a  line  to  be  fixed  on  the  ground  passing  east  of  the  Rottenschachen- 
Zuggers  road; 

thence  southwards  and  then  west-north-westwards  to  a  point  on  the  old 
administrative  boundary  between  Lower  Austria  and  Bohemia  situated  about 
200  metres  north  of  the  point  where  it  cuts  the  Gratzen-Weitra  road, 

a  line  to  be  fixed  on  the  ground  passing  between  Zuggers  and  Breitensee, 
then  through  the  most  south-easterly  point  of  the  railway  bridge  over  the 
Lainsitz  while  leaving  to  Austria  the  town  of  Gmiind  and  to  the  Cz-^cho- 
Slovak  State  the  station  and  railway  works  of  Gmiind  (Wolfshof)  and  the 
junction  of  the  Gmiind-Budweis  and  Gmiind-Wittingau  railways,  then 
passing  through  Grundbiihel,  north  of  Hohenberg  and  Lagerberg; 

54 


TREATY    OF    PEACE   WITH    AUSTRIA 


thence  south-westwards  the  above-mentioned  administrative  boundary, 
then  north-westwards  the  old  administrative  boundary  between  Upper  Austria 
and  Bohemia  to  its  point  of  junction  with  the  frontier  of  Germany. 

7.  With  Germany: 

The  frontier  of  August  3,  1914. 

Frcmtiers  described  by  this  treaty  are  traced  on  the  map  attached  to  the 
treaty,  except  as  for  such  parts  as  are  not  yet  defined.  In  the  event  of  differ- 
ences between  the  text  and  the  maps,  the  text  will  prevail. 

Boundary  commissions  will  have  to  trace  these  frontier's  on  the  ground. 
They  shall  have  the  power  of  fixing  those  portions  described  as  "a  line  to  be 
fixed  on  the  ground,"  and  where  a  request  is  made  by  one  of  the  states  con^ 
cenaed,  and  it  is  deemed  desirable  by  the  commission,  they  may  revise  portions 
defined  by  administrative  boundaries.  This  shall  not  apply,  however,  in  the 
case  of  international  boundaries  existing  in  August,  1914,  where  the  commis- 
sion will  confine  itself  to  the  re-establishment  of  sign  posts  and  boundary  marks. 
The  commissions  shall  endeavor  in  both  cases  to  follow  as  near  as  possible  the 
description  given  in  the  treaties,  taking  into  account  as  far  as  possible  admin- 
istrative boundaries  and  local  economic  interests. 

The  decisions  of  the  commissions  will  be  taken  by  a  majority,  and  will  be 
binding  on  the  parties  concerned. 

Where  a  frontier  is  defined  by  a  waterway,  the  phrases  "course,"  or 
"channel"  used  in  the  descriptions  of  the  treaty  signify,  as  regards  non-navi- 
gable rivers,  the  median  line  of  the  waterway  or  its  principal  branch,  and  as 
regards  navigable  rivers,  the  median  fine  of  the  principal  channel  of  navigation. 
It  will  rest  with  the  Boundary  commission  to  specify  whether  the  frontier  line 
shall  follow  any  changes  of  the  course  or  channel  which  may  take  place,  or 
whether  it  shall  be  definitely  fixed  by  the  position  of  the  course  or  channel  at 
the  time  when  the  treaty  goes  into  force. 

The  various  interested  states  undertake  to  furnish  to  the  Bounda-ry  com- 
missions all  documents  necessary  to  the  tasks  of  the  commissions,  and  espe- 
ciaUy  authentic  copies  of  agreements  fixing  existing  or  old  frontiers,  all  large 
scale  maps  in  existence,  geodetic  data,  surveys  complete^  but  unpubhshed, 
and  information  concerning  the  changes  of  frontier  water  courses.  They  under- 
take to  instruct  local  authorities  to  communicate  to  the  commissions  all  docu- 
ments, especially  plans,  cadastral  and  land  books,  and  to  furnish  on  demand 
all  land  books,  details  regarding  property,  existing  economic  conditions  and 
necessary  information. 

The  various  interested  states  will  give  every  assistance  to  the  commissions, 
whether  direct  or  through  local  authorities,  in  everything  that  concerns  local 
transport,  accommodation,  labor,  and  material  necessary  to  the  accomplish- 
ment of  their  tasks. 

The  various  states  undertake  to  safeguard  the  trigonometrical  points, 
signals,  posts  and  frontier  marks  erected  by^the  commissions.  The  protocols 
defining  the  boundaries,  with  maps  and  documents,  will  be  made  out  in  trip- 
licate, with  two  copies  forwarded  to  the  governments  of  tVe  limitrophe  states, 
and  a  third  to  the  government  of  France.  Authentic  copies  will  be  delivered 
by  France  to  the  powers  signing  the  treaty. 


PART  III 

POLITICAL  CLAUSES  FOR  EUROPE 

Austria,  as  far  as  she  is  concerned,  renounces  in  favor  of  Italy  all  rights 
and  titles  to  the  territory  of  the  former  Austro-Hungarian  monarchy  situated 
beyond  the  frontier  laid  down  in  Article  27,  and  lying  between  that  frontier, 

55 


THE       PEACE       TREATIES 


the  former  Austro-Himgarian  frontier,  the  Adriatic  Sea,  and  the  eastern  fron- 
tier of  Italy.  Austria  also  renounces  in  favor  of  Italy  in  the  same  way  all 
rights  and  title  over  the  territory  of  the  former  Austro-Hungarian  monarchy 
which  may  be  recognized  as  forming  a  part  of  Italy  by  any  treaties  which  may 
be  concluded  for  the  purpose  of  completing  the  present  settlement.  A  conunis- 
sion,  composed  of  five  members,  one  nominated  by  Italy,  three  by  the  other 
Principal  Allied  and  Associated  Powers,  and  one  by  Austria,  shall  be  con- 
stituted within  fifteen  days  from  the  coming  into  force  of  the  present  treaty  to 
trace  on  the  spot  the  frontier  fine  between  Italy  and  Austria.  The  decisions 
of  the  commission  will  be  taken  by  a  majority  and  shall  be  binding  on  the 
parties  concerned. 

Persons  having  their  residence  in  the  territories  of  the  former  Austro- 
Hungarian  monarchy,  or  who  have  been  imprisoned,  interned  or  evacuated, 
shall  enjoy  the  full  benefit  of  the  provisions  of  Articles  of  the  Economic 
Clauses  relating  to  contracts. 

A  special  convention  will  determine  the  terms  of  repayment  in  Austrian 
currency  of  the  special  war  expenditure  advanced  during  the  war  by  the 
territory  of  the  former  Austro-Hungarian  monarchy  that  is  transferred  to 
Italy,  or  by  public  associations  in  that  territory  on  account  of  legislation  of 
the  Austro-Hungarian  monarchy.  In  fixing  the  amount  of  these  sums  Austria 
shall  be  credited  with  the  amount  which  the  territory  would  have  contributed 
to  Austria-Hungary  to  meet  the  expenses  resulting  from  these  payments,  this 
contribution  to  be  based  and  calculated  according  to  the  proportion  of  the 
revenues  of  the  former  Austro-Hungarian  monarchy  derived  from  the  terri- 
tory in  1913. 

The  Italian  government  wiU  collect  for  its  own  account  the  taxes,  dues 
and  charges  of  every  kind  leviable  in  the  territories  transferred  to  Italy,  and 
not  collected  on  November  3,  1918. 

No  sum  shall  be  due  to  Italy  because  of  possession  of  the  Palazzo  Venezia 
at  Rome. 

State  Property  and  Railroads  in  Italy. 

Subject  to  the  provisions  of  the  Financial  Clauses  relative  to  the  acqui- 
sition of  and  payment  for  state  property  and  possessions,  the  Italian  govern- 
ment is  substituted  in  all  the  rights  possessed  by  the  Austrian  state  over  all 
railways  in  the  territories  transferred  to  Italy  which  were  administered  by  the 
Railway  Administration  of  said  state,  and  which  are  actually  working  or  under 
construction.  The  same  will  apply  to  the  rights  of  the  former  Austro-Hunga- 
rian monarchy  with  regard  to  railways  and  tramway  concessions  within  the 
above-mentioned  territories.  The  frontier  railway  stations  will  be  determined 
by  a  subsequent  agreement. 

Austria  will  restore  to  the  Italian  government  within  three  months  aU  the 
wagons  belonging  to  the  Italian  railways  which  before  the  war  had  passed  into 
Austria  and  have  not  been  returned  to  Italy. 

As  of  November  3,  1918,  Austria  renoimces  on  behalf  of  herself  and  her 
nationals  with  regard  to  territories  transferred  to  Italy  all  rights  which  she  may 
be  entitled  to  with  regard  to  the  products  of  the  aforesaid  territories  under  any 
agreements,  stipulations  or  laws  estabUshing  trusts,  cartels  or  other  similar 
organizations. 

Central  Power  Stations. 

For  a  period  of  ten  years  after  the  present  treaty  comes  into  effect, 
central  electric  power  stations  situated  in  Austrian  territory,  and  formerly 
furnishing  electric  power  to  the  territories  transferred  to  Italy,  or  to  any  other 
estabhshment  the  exploitation  of  which  passes  to  Italy,  shall  be  required  to 
continue  furnishing  this  supply  up  to  an  amount  corresponding  to  the  under- 
takings and  contracts  in  force  on  November  3,  1918.    Austria  admits  the  right 

56 


TREATY    OF    PEACE   WITH    AUSTRIA 


of  Italy  to  the  free  use  of  the  waters  of  Lake  Raibl,  and  its  derivative  water 
course,  and  to  divert  the  said  waters  to  the  basin  of  the  Korinitza. 

Civil  Judgments  Reviewed. 

Judgments  rendered  since  August  4,  1914,  by  the  courts  in  the  territory 
transferred  to  Italy  in  civil  and  commercial  cases  between  the  inhabitants 
of  such  territories,  and  other  nationals  of  the  former  Austro-Hungarian 
monarchy  shall  not  be  carried  into  effect  until  after  the  endorsement  by  the 
corresponding  new  court  of  such  territory.  All  decisions  rendered  for  political 
crimes  or  offences  since  August  4, 1914,  by  the  judicial  authorities  of  the  former 
Austro-Hungarian  monarchy  against  Itahan  nationals,  including  persons 
who  may  obtain  Italian  nationality  under  the  present  treaty,  shall  be  annulled. 
In  all  matters  relating  to  proceedings  instituted  before  the  present  treaty 
coming  into  effect  before  competent  authorities  in  the  territory  transformed 
to  the  Italian  government,  the  Italian  and  Austrian  judicial  authorities  re- 
respectively  shall  until  the  coming  into  force  of  a  special  convention  on  this 
subject  be  authorized  to  correspond  with  each  other  direct.  Requests  thus 
presented  shall  be  given  effect  to  so  far  as  the  laws  of  a  pubhc  character  allow 
in  the  country  to  the  authorities  of  which  the  request  is  addressed. 

Appeals  to  the  higher  Austrian  authorities,  judicial  and  administrative, 
who  are  beyond  the  Umits  of  the  territory  transferred  to  Italy  concerning 
decisions  of  administrative  or  judicial  authorities  of  this  territory  shall  be 
suspended.  The  records  shall  be  submitted  to  the  authorities  against  whose 
decision  the  appeal  was  taken.  They  must  be  transmitted  to  the  competent 
Italian  authorities  without  delay.  All  other  questions  as  to  jurisdiction, 
procedure  or  the  administration  of  justice  will  be  determined  by  a  special 
convention  between  Italy  and  Austria. 

The  Serb-Croat-Slovene  State. 

Austria  recognizes  the  complete  independence  of  this  state.  Austria 
renounces  so  far  as  this  state  is  concerned  all  rights  and  title  over  territories 
of  the  former  Austro-Hungarian  monarchy  situated  outside  of  the  frontiers 
of  Austria  as  laid  down  in  the  provision  governing  the  frontiers  of  Austria, 
or  by  any  treaties  concluded  for  the  purpose  of  completing  the  present  settle- 
ment. A  commission  of  seven  members,  five  nominated  by  the  principal 
Allied  and  Associated  powers,  one  by  the  Serb-Croat-Slovene  state,  and  one 
by  Austria,  shall  be  constituted  within  fifteen  days  from  the  coming  into 
force  of  the  present  treaty  to  trace  on  the  spot  the  frontier  hne  between 
Austria  and  the  Serb-Croat-Slovene  state.  The  decisions  of  the  commission 
will  be  taken  by  the  majority  and  shall  be  binding  on  both  parties. 

The  inhabitants  of  the  Klagenfurt  area  will  be  called  upon  to  the  extent 
stated  below  to  indicate  by  a  vote  the  state  to  which  they  wish  the  territory 
to  belong. 

THE  KLAGENFURT    PLEBISCITE 

The  Klagenfurt  area  is  divided  into  two  zones  for  the  purposes  of  a 
plebiscite,  these  zones  being  ships  extending  east  and  west  across  the  area. 
A  commission  will  prepare  the  plebiscite,  being  composed  of  four  members 
nominated  respectively  by  the  United  States,  Great  Britain,  France  and  Italy, 
one  by  Austria,  one  by  Serb-Croat-Slovene  State.  The  Austrian  member  par- 
ticipating only  in  respect  of  the  second  zone  and  the  Serb-Croat-Slovene 
memi)er  only  in  respect  of  the  first.     A  majority  shall  rule. 

Austrian  troops  shall  occupy  the  second  zone  and  Serb-Croat-Slovene 

rps  the  first.     The  troops  shall  be  limited  in  number  and  speedily   re- 
ed by  locally  recruited  police. 

The  first  zone  plebiscite  shall  be  within  three  months  of  signature  and 
if  the  vote  is  in  favor  of  annexation  to  the  Serb-Croat-Slovene  State,  a  proc- 

57 


THE        PEACE        TREATIES 


lamation  shall  call  for  a  vote  in  the  Second  zone  three  weeks  later.  If  the 
vote  in  the  first  zone  is  for  Xustria,  no  further  plebiscite  shaH  be  taken,  the 
whole  area  remaining  under  Austrian  sovereignty. 

Right  of  Suffrage. 

Equal  suffrage  for  all  who  on  January  1,  1919,  had  attained  the  age  of 
20  years  and  who  had  been  residents  of  the  zones  since  January  1,  1912,  shall 
prevail,  regardless  of  sex.  A  majority  vote  shall  rule.  The  general  super- 
vision of  the  Commission  shall  endure  until  the  issue  is  finally  determined 
and  Austria  and  the  Serb-Croat-Slovene  State  .shall  share  expenses. 

Obligations  of  Serb-Croat-Slovene  State. 

The  Serb-Groat-Slovene  State  agrees  to  make  treaties  with  the  Powers 
to  protect  the  interests  of  the  various  races  within  her  borders,  and  grants 
freedom  of  transit  and  equitable  conunercial  treatment. 

Czechoslovak  Stale. 

Austria  recognizes  the  new  Czecho-Slovak  State,  including  autonomous 
territory  of  the  Ruthenians  south  of  the  Carpathians.  Sovereignty  of  the 
portions  of  the  old  Empire  given  to  Czechoslovakia  is  renounced. 

Fifteen  days  after  effectiveness  of  this  treaty  a  Commission,  composed 
of  seven  members,  five  representing  the  Powers,  one  the  Czecho-Slovak  State, 
and  one  Austria,  shall  mark  the  boundaries  pr-escribed  in  the  preceding  sec- 
tions on  the  ground,  a  majority  ruling. 

The  Czecho-Slovak  State  agrees  not  to  erect  fortifications  on  its  territory 
on  the  right  bank  of  the  Danube  south  of  Pressburg. 

This  State  further  agrees  to  give  protection  to  the  races  within  its  terri- 
tory and  to  accord  freedom  of  transit  and  equitable  commercial  treatment 
and  to  make  treaties  to  this  effect. 

Roumanian  Clauses.  .      ^  ^ 

Austria  renounces  in  favor  of  Roumania  her  title  over  said  portion  of 
the  old  Duchy  of  Bukovina  lying  within  the  new  Roumania. 

Roumania  agrees  to  accord  protection  to  the  races  within  her  borders 
and  to  accord  freedom  of  transit  and  commercial  equity.  She  will  make 
treaties  accordingly  with  the  Powers. 

The  new  States  all  agpee  to  abide  by  the  obljgationsto  accept  parts  of 
the  Austrian  Debt  as  provided  in  the  JJijancial  Clauses. 

Protection  of  Minorities. 

In  agreeing  to  grant  full  liberties  to  all  her  inhabitants,  Austria  contracts 
to  regard  treaty  provisions  eliminating  discrimination  as  to  nationality, 
language,  race  or  religion  as  fundamental  law.  Austria  agrees  to  accord 
citizenship  to  all  nationals  without  further  formality  who  are  nationals  on 
the  effective  date  of  the  treaty.  The  right  of  the  people  tp  use  their  own 
languages  before  the  Courts  shall  not  be  abridged.  People  of  linguistic 
minorities  may  establish  their  own  schools  and  other  institutions.  The 
teaching  of  the  German  language  may  be  made  obligatory  but  in  addition 
provision  must  be  made  for  instruction  in  the  various  native  languages. 
Minorities  shall  receive  fair  shares  of  pubhc  expenditures. 

Austria  consents  to  the  guarantee  of  these  protections  by  the  League  of 
Nations.  They  may  be  modified  by  a  majority  of  the  Council  of  the  League. 
Provision  is  made  for  referring  disputes  under  these  sections  to  the  League 
or  the  Permanent  Court, of  International  Justice,  the  decision  of  which  shall 
be  final. 

Transfers  of  Nationality. 

Persons  possessing  right  of  citiz^ship  in  dismembered  States  throw  off 
the  old  Austrian  nationality,  and  take  on  that  of  the  new  State  exclusively. 

In  the  case  of  territory  ceded  to  Italy,  nativity  in  the  territory  is  the  basic 
rule  of  transfer,  an  optional  system  being  provided  for  others. 

58 


TREATY    OF    PEACE    WITH    AUSTRIA 


As  to  the  Serb-Croat-Slovene  State,  citizenship  may  be  obtained  by 
those  in  newly  ceded  territory  only  by  permit. 

The  High  Contracting  Parties  agree  not  to  hinder  these  options.  A  wife 
and  minors  under  18  years  shall  be  governed  by  the  option  of  husband  and 
father. 

Belgian  Polilical  Clauses. 

Austria  undertakes  to  agree  to  revision  of  the  treaty  of  April  19,  1839, 
relating  to  Belgian  neutrality  and  to  assent  to  treaties  which  may  be  made 
between  the  Powers  and  Belgixmi  and  the  Netherlands. 

Luxemburg. 

Austria  agrees  to  the  terminatipn  of  the  regime  of  neutrality  in  Luxem- 
burg and  assents  to  any  arrangements  which  may  be  made  between  that 
Grand  Duchy  and  the  Powers. 

,  Schleswig. 

Austria  recognizes  the  terms  made  with  Germany  regarding  restoration 
of  Schleswig  to  Denmark. 

Turkey  and  Bulgaria. 

Austria  undertakes  to  recognize  arrangements  between  the  Powers  and 
Turkey  and  Bulgaria  with  reference  to  rights,  privileges  and  interests  which 
may  be  claimed  by  Austria  or  her  nationals  in  those  countries. 

Russia  ar-'  Russian  States. 

Austria  acknowledges  the  independence  of  all  States  which  were  part  of 
the  old  Russian  Empire  on  August  1,  1914.  The  cancellation  of  the  Brest- 
Litovsk  treaty  and  agreements  with  any  Russian  factions  is  affirmed.  Russian 
claims  for  restitution  from  Austria  are  reserved.  Austria  further  agrees  to 
recognize  any  treaties  which  the  Allies  may  make  with  Russia  or  Russian 
States. 

General  Provisions. 

The  independence  of  Austria  is  declared  inalienable  except  by  consent  of 
the  League  of  Nations.  Austria  agrees  to  guard  against  compromising  this 
independence  pending  her  admission  to  the  League. 

Austria  recognizes  and  accepts  the  frontiers  of  Bulgaria,  Greece,  Hungary 
Poland,  Roumania,  the  Serb-Croat-Slovene  State  and  the  Czecho-Slovak 
State,  as  may  be  determined  by  the  Allied  and  Associated  Powers.  Ajustria 
recognizes  the  treaties  made  or  to  be  made  with  her  former  Allies.  She  con, 
firms  recognition  of  all  new  States  erected.  She  will  not  molest  inhabitants 
of  states  which  were  parts  of  the  old  Empire. 

Surrender  of  Archives. 

Austria  shall  hand  over  to  the  Powers  all  archives,  plans,  deeds,  etc., 

Eertaining  to  dismembered  sections.    Where  this  is  impractical,  access  shall 
e  given  to  such  papers. 

Separate  conventions  shall  be  drawn  between  Austria  and  each  of  the 
dismembered  States  insuring  civil  and  commercial  rights,  etc. 


PART  IV 

AUSTRIAN  RIGHTS  OUTSIDE  EUROPE 

Rights,  titles  and  privileges  of  the  old  Empire  outside  Europe  are  re- 
nounced and  Austria  agrees  to  recognize  measures  in  respect  of  such  rights 
which  may  be  taken  by  the  Powers. 

59 


THE       PEACE       TREATIES 


Morocco. 

Rights  and  privileges  acquired  by  the  General  Act  of  Algeciras  of  April 
7,  1906,  and  by  the  Franco-German  Agreement  of  February  9,  1909,  and 
November  4,  1911,  are  renounced.  Treaties  and  arrangements  between  the 
old  Empire  and  the  Sherifian  Empire  are  abrogated  as  of  April  12,  1914. 

Austria  will  not  intervene  in  negotiations  between  other  powers  and 
Morocco.  The  regime  of  the  capitulations  in  Morocco  is  renounced  by  Austria 
and  the  French  Protectorate  recognized. 

The  Sherifian  Government  shall  be  free  to  handle  nationals  of  Austria  as 
it  deems  proper  and  special  privileges  hitherto  obtained  by  Austrians  are 
abrogated. 

AU  Austrian  property  in  Morocco  passes  to  the  Maghzen  without  com- 
pensation, including  property  of  the  Crown.  As  to  private  property  of  Aus- 
trian nationals,  the  Economic  Clauses  of  this  treaty  shall  govern.  This 
extends  to  mining  rights. 

State  Bank  of  Morocco. 

Austria  shall  insure  transfer  to  a  representative  of  the  French  Govern- 
ment shares  representing  Austria's  portion  of  the  capital  of  the  State  Bank 
of  Morocco.  This  representative  shall  administer  these  shares  with  the  co- 
operation of  the  State  Bank.  This  transfer  does  not  prejudice  debts  owed  by 
Austrian  nationals  to  the  State  Bank. 

Moroccan  goods  entering  Austria  shall  enjoy  the  same  treatir  mt  accorded 
French  goods. 

Egypt. 

The  terms  relating  to  Egypt  are  identical  with  those  contained  in  the 
treaty  with  Germany.     (See  page  26.) 

Siam. 

The  terms  relating  to  Siam  are  identical  with  those  contained  in  the 
treaty  with  Germany.     (See  page  26.) 

China. 

Austria  renounces  in  favor  of  China  all  benefits  and  privileges  resulting 
from  the  final  protocol  signed  at  Peking,  September  7,  1901  (The  Boxer 
Protocol).    All  indemnities  thereunder  are  renounced  as  from  August  14,  1917. 

From  the  coming  into  effect  of  this  treaty  the  Powers  shall  apply,  as  con- 
cerns them  respectively: 

(1)  The  Arrangement  of  August  29,  1902,  regarding  the  new  Chinese 
customs  tariff; 

(2)  The  Whang-Poo  Arrangement  of  September  27,  1905,  and  supple- 
ments. 

But  China  is  not  bound  to  grant  Austria  the  privileges  under  those 
Arrangements  which  she  accorded  the  old  Empire. 

Austria  cedes  to  China  buildings,  vessels  and  all  other  public  property 
in  the  Austro-Hungarian  Concession  at  Tientsin  or  elsewhere  in  Chinese 
territory.  However,  an  exception  is  made  as  to  diplomatic  property  and 
property  in  the  Legation  Quarter  at  Peking.  Austria  agrees  to^  abrogation 
of  the  leases  under  which  the  Tientsin  concession  was  held.  China  declares 
her  intention  to  open  the  concession  to  international  trade.  In  the  abroga- 
tion of  the  Tientsin  lease  lots  owned  by  nationals  of  the  Allied  and  Associated 
Governments  are  excepted. 

Austria  waives  all  claims  against  China  on  account  of  internment  of 
Austrian  nationals.  Renunciation  is  also  provided  of  claims  in  connection 
with  capture  of  Austro-Hungarian  ships  in  China  and  liq[uidation,  sequestra- 
tion or  control  of  Austrian  properties,  rights,  etc.,  in  Chma  since  August  14, 
1917.    As  to  these  liquidations,  however,  the  economic  clauses  shall  prevail. 

60 


TREATY    OF    PEACE    WITH    AUSTRIA 

PART  V 

MILITARY  AND  NAVAL  AND  AIR  CLAUSES 

Miliiary  Clauses. 

Within  three  months  of  the  coming  into  force  of  the  present  Treaty,  the 
military  forces  of  Austria  shall  be  demobilized  to  the  extent  prescribed  here- 
inafter. 

Universal  compulsory  military  service  shall  be  abolished.  The  Austrian 
Army  shall  in  future  only  be  recruited  by  means  of  voluntary  enlistment. 

The  total  military  forces  shall  not  exceed  30,000  men,  including  officers 
and  depot  troops. 

The  proportion  of  officers  shall  not  exceed  one-twentieth  of  the  total 
effectives,  and  that  of  the  non-commissioned  officers  one-fifteenth  of  the 
effectives. 

All  organizations  or  preparations  for  war  other  than  is  permitted  are 
forbidden. 

AU  measures  of  mobifization  are  forbidden.  Plans  for  requisitioning 
animals  or  other  transport  are  forbidden. 

The  number  of  gendarmes,  customs  officers,  foresters  and  police  must 
not  exceed  the  number  similarly  employed  in  1913,  and  shall  not  be  increased 
except  to  maintain  the  proportion  to  the  population. 

These  officials  must  not  be  assembled  for  military  exercises. 

Recruiting  and  Military  Training. 

All  officers  must  be  regulars.  Officers  retained  in  the  present  army  must 
undertake  to  serve  in  it  up  to  the  age  of  40.  Officers  released  from  the  pres- 
ent army  must  not  take  part  in  military  exercises,  theoretical  or  practical. 

Officers  appointed  must  undertake  to  serve  for  20   years. 

The  number  of  officers  discharged  for  any  reason  before  their  term  of 
service  expires  must  not  exceed  in  any  year  one-twentieth  of  the  total. 

The  enlistment  period  for  non-commissioned  officers  and  privates  must 
be  for  not  less  than  12  consecutive  years. 

The  proportion  of  men  discharged  before  their  term  expires  must  not 
exceed  one-twentieth  of  the  total  strength. 

Schools,  Educational  Establishments,  Military  Clubs  and  Societies. 

The  number  of  students  attending  mihtary  schools  shall  be  strictly  in 
proportion  to  vacancies. 

Superfluous  military  schools  shall  be  abolished. 

Educational  establishments  other  than  military  schools,  as  well  as  sport- 
ing and  other  clubs,  must  not  occupy  theAiselves  with  any  military  matters. 

Armament,  Munitions  and  Material,  Fortifications. 

Three  months  after  the  effective  date  of  the  treaty,  the  armament  of 
the  Austrian  army  shall  not  exceed  prescribed  figures.  Any  excess  in  efTectives 
shall  be  used  for  replacements. 

The  number  and  calibre  of  guns  constituting  the  normal  armament  of 
existing  fortified  places  in  Austria  shall  be  reported  immediately  to  the  Powers, 
and  will  constitute  maximum  amounts. 

Within  three  months,  the  amount  of  ammunition  shall  be  reduced  to 
1500  rounds  per  gun  for  gims  of  105  mm.  and  under;  500  rounds  per  gun  for 
guns  of  higher  calibre. 

The  manufacture  of  arms,  munitions  and  war  material  shall  be  restricted 
to  one  government  factory,  limited  to  the  material  necessary  for  the  forces 
authorized. 

Manufacture  of  sporting  weapons  unsuitable  for  military  use  is  permitted. 

Within  three  months  all  unauthorized  arms  factories  shall  be  closed  or 

61 


THE        PEACE        TREATIES 

converted  to  commercial  uses,  and  all  arsenals  shall  be  closed,  and  their  staffs 
discharged,  except  in  the  cases  of  authorized  depot  arsenals. 

Within  three  months  all  arms,  munitions  and  war  material  in  excess  of 
that  authorized  shall  be  handed  over  to  the  Allied  and  Associated  Powers. 

The  importation  and  exportation  of  arms,  munitions  and  war  material 
is  forbidden.  Manufacture  or  importation  of  tanks  and  armored  cars  is 
forbidden. 

Naval  Clauses. 

From  the  effective  treaty  date,  all  Austro-Hungarian  warships,  sub- 
marines included,  are  declared  to  be  finally  surrendered.  All  monitors, 
torpedo  boats  and  armed  vessels  of  the  Danube  Flotilla  will  be  surrendered. 
Austria  will,  however,  have  the  right  to  maintain  on  the  Danube  for  river 
police,  three  patrol  boats  selected  by  the  Commission. 

The  auxiliary  cruisers  and  fleet  auxiliaries  named  below  will  be  disarmed 
and  treated  as  merchant  ships.    (32  ships  are  named.)  ^ , 

All  warships  under  construction  shsdl  be  broken  up,  work  commencing  as 
soon  as  possible  after  the  treaty  date. 

Materials  resulting  from  the  breaking  up  shall  be  used  only  for  commercial 
piuposes  and  may  not  be  sold  to  foreign  countries. 

Construction  or  acquisition  of  submarines,  even  for  commercial  purposes, 
is  forbidden  in  Austria. 

All  arms,  ammunition  and  other  naval  war  material,  including  mines  and 
torpedoes  which  belonged  to  Austria-Hungary  at  the  time  of  the  armistice  of 
November  3d,  are  declared  fully  surrendered. 

Use  df  Wireless. 

During  the  three  months  from  the  effective  treaty  date,  the  high-power 
wireless  station  at  Vienna  shall  not  be  used  to  transmit  ny^ssages  concerning 
Biilitary,  naval  and  political  questions  of  interest  to  Austria  or  its  war  alUes, 
without  assent  of  the  Powers.  The  station  may  be  used  for  commercial 
messages  under  supervision  of  the  Powers,  who  will  name  the  wave  length. 

Dm-ing  the  period  Austria  shall  not  build  high-power  wireless  stations 
in  her  own  territory  or  in  Hungary,  Germany,  Bulgaria  or  Turkey. 

A,ir  Clauses. 

The  armed  forces  of  Austria  must  not  include  any  military  or  naval  air 
forces.     No  dirigible  shall  be  kept. 

Within  two  moiiths  from  the  treaty  date  the  personnel  of  air  forces  shall 
be  demobilized. 

During  the  six  months  following  the  enforcement  of  the  treaty,  the  manu- 
facture, import  or  export  of  aircraft  or  their  parts  is  forbidden. 

On  the  coming  into  force  of  the  treaty,  all  aeronautical  material  must  be 
delivered  at  Austria's  exi)ense  to  the  Powers,  within  three  months. 

Inter-Allied  Commissions  of  Control. 

An  military,  naval  and  air  clauses  containing  time  limits  for  execution  shall 
be  executed  by  Austria  under  control  of  Inter-AUied  Commissions  appointed 
by  the  Powers. 

It  will  be  the  special  duty  of  commissions  to  receive  from  Austria  notifica- 
tions regarding  location  of  munitions,  armament  of  works,  and  locations  of 
factories  for  production  of  war  materials.  Commissions  will  take  delivery 
of  munitions,  supervise  destruction  of  works  or  transforming  of  material 
and  select  points  of  delivery. 

General  Articles. 

Austria  undertakes  not  to  send  to  any  foreign  country  any  military, 
naval  or  air  mission,  nor  to  allow  such  mission  to  leave  her  territory. 

The  powers  undertake  that  they  will  not  enroll  in  nor  attach  to  their 
forces  any  Austrian  national  for  the  tiie  purposes  of  assisting  in  training  such 

62 


TREATY    OF    PEACE   WITH    AUSTRIA 


forces,  or  otherwise,  employ  any  Austrian  as  military,  naval  or  aeronautic 
instructor. 

But  France  may  recruit  for  her  Foreign  Legion  in  accordance  with  her 
laws. 

As  long  as  the  treaty  remedns  in  force  Austria  undertakes  to  submit  to 
any  investigation  which  the  council  of  the  League  of  Nations,  acting  if  need 
be  by  majority  vote,  may  consider  necessary. 


PART  VI 

PRISONERS  OF  WAR  AND  GRAVES 

This  Part  is  identical  with  Part  VI  of  the  German  Treaty  (see  page  29). 


PART  VII 

PENALTIES 

Austria  recognizes  and  assumes  responsibility  for  warlike  aggression 
against  the  AUied  and  Associated  Powers.  As  to  general  clauses  this  Part  is 
identical  with  Part  VIL  of  the  German  treaty.     (See  page  30.) 

Additional  sections  of  this  Part  peculiar  to  the  Austrian  treaty  are 
described  as  follows: 

The  provisions  relating  to  the  surrender  of  persons  guilty  of  criminal  acts 
against  nationals  of  the  Allied  and  Associated  Powers  extend  to  the  dismem- 
bered States.  If  transfer  of  nationality  from  Austria  has  been  effected  the 
new  State  may  try  the  case  and  inflict  the  punishment. 

REPARATION  PAYMENTS. 

Article  181, 

Austria  shall  pay  in  the  course  of  the  years  1919,  1920  and  the  first  four 
months  of  1921,  in  such  instalments  and  in  such  manner  (whether  in  gold, 
commodities,  ships,  securities  or  otherwise)  as  the  Reparation  Commission 
may  lay  down,  a  reasonable  sum  which  shall  be  determined  by  the  Commission. 
Out  of  this  sum  the  expenses  of  the  armies  of  occupation  subsequent  to 
the  Armistice  of  November  3,  1918,  shall  first  be  met,  and  such  supplies  of 
food  and  raw  materials  as  may  be  judged  by  the  Governments  of  the  Principal 
Allied  and  Associated  Powers  essential  to  enable  Austria  to  meet  her  obliga- 
tions for  reparation  may  also,  with  the  approval  of  the  said  Governments,  be 
{)aid  for  out  of  the  above  sum.  The  balance  shall  be  reckoned  towards  the 
iquidation  of  the  amount  due  for  reparation. 

The  Reparation  Commission  is  described  and  its  powers  fixed  as  in  the 
German  treaty. 

The  sections  relating  to  actual  payments  on  account  of  reparation  are  as 
follows: 

The  Reparation  Commission  shall  receive  instructions  to 
take  account  of: 

(1)  The  actual  economic  and  financial  position  of  Austrian 
territory  as  delimited  by  the  present  Treaty;  and 

(2)  The  diminution  of  its  resources  and  of  its  capacity  for 
payment  resulting  from  the  clauses  of  the  present  Treaty. 

63 


THE        PEACE        TREATIES 


As  long  as  the  position  of  Austria  is  not  modified  the  Com- 
mission shall  take  accomit  of  these  considerations  in  fixing  the 
final  amomit  of  the  obligations  to  be  imposed  on  Austria,  the 
payments  by  which  these  are  to  be  discharged,  and 
any  postponement  of  payment  of  interest  which  may  be  asked 
for  by  Austria. 

(c)  The  Commission  shall  take  from  Austria,  by  way  of 
security  for  and  acknowledgment  of  her  debt,  gold  bearer  bonds 
free  of  all  taxes  or  charges  of  every  description  estabUshed  or  to 
be  established  by  the  Austrian  Government  or  by  any  authorities 
subject  to  them.  These  bonds  will  be  delivered  at  any  time  that 
may  be  judged  expedient  by  the  Commission,  and  in  three  por- 
tions, of  which  the  respective  amounts  will  be  also  fixed  by  the 
Commission,  the  crowns  gold  being  payable  in  conformity  with 
the  Financial  Clauses: 

(1)  A  first  issue  in  bearer  bonds  payable  not  later  then  May 
1,  1921,  without  interest.  There  shall  be  specially  applied  to 
the  amortisation  of  these  bonds  the  payments  which  Austria  is 
pledged  to  make  in  conformity  with  this  Part,  after  deduction 
of  the  sums  used  for  the  reimbursement  of  the  expenses  of  the 
armies  of  occupation  and  other  payments  for  foodstuffs  and  raw 
materials.  Such  bonds  as  may  not  have  been  redeemed  by  May 
1, 1921,  shall  then  be  exchanged  for  new  bonds  of  the  same  type 
as  those  provided  for  below. 

(2)  A  second  issue  in  bearer  bonds  bearing  interest  at  2^ 
per  cent,  between  1921  and  1926,  and  thereafter  at  5  per  cent, 
with  an  additional  1  per  cent,  for  amortisation  beginning  in 
1926  on  the  whole  amount  of  the  issue. 

(3)  An  undertaking  in  writing  to  issue,  when,  but  not  until, 
the  Commission  is  satisfied  that  Austria  can  meet  the  interest 
and  sinking  fund  obUgations,  a  further  instalment  of  bearer 
bonds  bearing  interest  at  5  per  cent.,  the  time  and  mode  of 
payment  of  principal  and  interest  to  be  determined  by  the 
Commission. 

The  dates  for  the  payment  of  interest,  the  manner  of  employ- 
ing the  amortisation  fund  and  all  other  questions  relating  to 
the  issue,  management  and  regulation  of  the  bond  issue  shall 
be  determined  by  the  Conunission  from  time  to  time. 

Further  issues  by  way  of  acknowledgment  and  security  may 
be  required  as  the  Commission  subsequently  determines  from 
time  to  time. 

In  case  the  Reparation  Commission  should  proceed  to  fix 
definitely  and  no  longer  provisionally  the  sum  of  the  common 
charges  to  be  borne  by  Austria  as  a  result  of  the  claims  of  the 
AUied  and  Associated  Powers,  the  Commission  shall  immediately 
annul  all  bonds  which  have  been  issued  in  excess  of  this  sum. 

(d)  In  the  event  of  bonds,  obligations  or  other  evidence  of 
indebtedness  issued  by  Austria  by  way  of  security  for  or  ac- 
knowledgment of  her  reparation  debt  being  disposed  of  out- 
right, not  by  way  of  pledge,  to  persons  other  than  the  several 
Governments  in  whose  favour  Austria's  original  reparation  in- 
debtedness was  created,  an  amount  of  such  reparation  indebted- 
ness shall  be  deemed  to  be  extinguished  corresponding  to  the 
nominal  value  of  the  bonds,  etc.,  so  disposed  of  outright,  and 
the  obligation  of  Austria  in  respect  of  such  bonds  shall  be  con- 

64 


TREATY    OF    PEACE    WITH    AUSTRIA 


fined  to  her  liabilities  to  the  holders  of  the  bonds,  as  expressed 
upon  their  face. 

(e)  The  damage  for  repairing,  reconstructing  and  rebuilding 
property  situated  in  the  invaded  and  devastated  districts,  in- 
cluding reinstallation  of  furniture,  machinery  and  other  equip- 
ment, will  be  calculated  according  to  the  cost  at  the  date  when 
the  work  is  done. 

(/)  Decisions  of  the  Commission  relating  to  the  total  of 
partial  cancellation  of  the  capital  or  interest  of  any  of  the 
verified  debt  of  Austria  must  be  accompanied  by  a  statement 
of  its  reasons. 

Livestock. 

In  connection  with  reparation  of  livestock,  this  treaty  provides  for  the 
following  transfers: 

To  the  Italian  Government,  9,050  domestic  animals; 
To  the  Serb-Croat-Slovene  Government,  4,825  domestic  animals; 
To  the  Roumanian  Government,  5,025  domestic  animals. 
The  animals  delivered  shall  be  of  average  health  and  condi- 
tion. 

Reparation  in  Goods. 

In  monthly  instalments  as  the  Reparation  Commission  shall  direct, 
Austria  shall  deliver  to  the  Powers  supplies  of  furniture  in  hard  and  soft  wood 
to  an  extent  justified  by  seizures  in  the  war.  The  price  of  this  furniture  shall 
be  credited  on  the  reparation  account. 

Austria  shall  give  to  the  Powers  an  option  running  for  five  years  for  annual 
delivery  of  raw  materials,  as  follows : 

Timber  and  timber  manufactures; 

Iron  and  iron  alloys; 

Magnesite. 

The  quantities  of  these  materials  for  which  the  Powers  may  call  shall  be 
limited  to  annual  pre-war  importations  of  the  same  commodities  from_  Austria, 
revised  to  accord  with  the  size  and  resources  of  Austria  as  fixed  in  this  treaty. 

Prices  and  practices  in  connection  with  these  commodities  shall  be  on 
the  same  basis  as  Austria's  domestic  trade  in  them. 

The  Commission  shall  arrange  details  of  notice  to  be  given  of  exercise 
of  these  options,  due  regard  being  had  for  Austria's  internal  industrial  situa- 
tion. 

Cables. 

Austria  renounces  in  favor  of  Italy  ownership  of  cables  connecting  with 
Italy  and  in  favor  of  the  AlUed  and  Associated  Power  cables  connecting  with 
the  new  States.  The  States  shall  provide  for  working  and  upkeep  of  these 
cables.  Credit  for  the  cables  taken  shall  be  given  on  the  reparation  account. 
The  Trieste-Corfu  cable  arrangement  between  the  private  owners  and 
Austria  shall  continue,  Italy  being  substituted  for  Austria. 

Special  Provisions,  Restoration  of  Records,  Etc. 

Austria  undertakes  to  surrender  to  the  Powers  records,  documents, 
objects  of  art  and  antiquity  and  scientific  and  other  kindred  material  taken 
from  invaded  territory.  The  same  provision  extends  to  require  return  of 
property  of  this  character  to  States  now  dismembered.  As  to  objects  brought 
from  private  owners,  the  financial  clauses  shall  apply  where  appropriate. 

Historical  Records. 

In  respect  of  ceded  territories,  Austria  shall  deliver  to  the  Powers  all 
documents  and  historical  material  possessed  by  public  institutions  which  may 

65 


THE        PEACE        TREATIES 


have  a  direct  bearing  on  the  history  of  these  territories,  which  have  been 
removed  during  the  last  ten  years,  and  in  the  case  of  territory  ceded  to  Italy, 
since  1861.  In  the  case  of  the  new  dismembered  State  the  period  shall  be 
twenty  years. 

Austria  recognizes  that  she  remains  bound  to  Italy  under  the  Treaty  of 
Zurich  of  1859,  of  Vienna  of  1866,  and  of  Florence  of  1868,  to  restore  such 
articles  therein  referred  to  as  remain  in  Austria. 

Spoliation  of  Italy. 

Within  twelve  months  a  committee  of  three  jurists,  appointed  by  the 
Reparation  Commission  shall  decide  whether  the  Hapsburgs  or  other  Houses 
which  have  reigned  in  Italy  have  violated  rights  of  ItaUan  provinces  in  carry- 
ing off  certain  valuable  articles.  Italy  and  Austria  agree  to  abide  by  the 
decision. 

Other  Special  Restitutions. 

Belgium,  Poland  and  Czecho-Slovakia  may  submit  claims  for  restitution 
to  be  examined  by  the  same  committee.  They  also  and  Austria  will  abide  by 
the  decision  of  the  Committee. 

Crown  Collections. 

Regarding  the  famous  historical  collections  of  the  Austro-Hungarian 
Crown,  the  articles  comprising  them  are  not  to  be  dispersed  for  twenty  years 
and  in  that  period  the  Government  of  the  ceded  and  dismembered  territories 
may  lay  claim  to  such  of  these  objects  as  form  naturally  a  part  of  the  intellec- 
tual patrimony  of  those  territories.  Austria  undertakes  amicably  to  negotiate 
the  return  to  such  territories  of  articles  of  this  class  on  terms  of  reciprocity. 
She  shall  make  inventories  and  catalogues  to  further  this  purpose  and  mean- 
while students  who  are  nationals  of  the  Allies  and  Associates  shall  have 
access  to  them. 

Art  Treasures  Subject  to  Restoration. 

Following  is  a  list  of  the  more  important  art  treasures  on  which  the  com- 
mittee mentioned  above  shall  pass,  classified  by  the  hkely  claimants: 

Tuscany. 

Crown  jewels  of  the  Princess  Electress  of  Medici  and 
other  domanial  property  of  the  Medici  removed  from  Venice; 

Medici  furniture  and  plate  and  the  Jewel  or  Aspasios  owed 
to  the  Crown  of  Tuscany; 

Astronomical  instruments  of  the  Academy  of  Cimento 
removed  by  the  House  of  Lorraine; 

MODENA. 

A  "Virgin"  of  Andrea  del  Sarto  and  four  drawings  of 
Corregio  removed  by  Duke  Francis  V; 

The  MSS.  of  Bibha  Vulgata;  Breviarium  Romanum  and 
Officium  Beatae  Virginis  carried  off  by  Duke  Francis  V,  to- 
gether with  the  bronzes  he  took; 

Two  pictures  by  Salvator  Rosa  and  a  portrait  by  Dosso 
Do3si,  long  claimed  by  the  Duke  of  Modena  on  old  account; 

Palermo. 

Objects  made  at  Palermo  for  the  Norman  kings  in  the 
twelfth  century  and  carried  off  to  Vienna; 

Naples. 

Ninety-eight  MSS.  taken  from  the  Library  of  S.  Giovanni 
a  Carbonara  and  other  Neapolitan  libraries  and  sent  to  Vienna; 

Various  other  documents  taken  from  the  State  archives  at 
Milan,  Mantua,  Venice  and  Florence; 

66 


TREATY    OF    PEACE   WITH    AUSTRIA 


Belgium. 

A  Rubens  triptych,  old  armour  and  arms,  the  Treasure  of 
the  Toison  d'Or,  old  coins  and  MSS.  taken  from  Brussels; 

Poland. 

The  gold  cup  of  King  Ladislas  IV  and  an  undescribed 
*' object"  removed  before  the  Partition  of  Poland^ 

CzECHO-SLOyAKIA. 

Documents,  historical  memoirs,  etc.,  removed  by  order  of 
the  Empress  Maria  Theresa,  and  archives  of  the  Royal  AuUc 
Chancellery  of  Bohemia  and  vorks  of  art  from  the  Royal  Cha- 
teau of  Prague. 


PART  IX 

FINANCIAL  CLAUSES 

Reparation  a  First  Charge. 

Subject  to  exceptions  of  the  Reparations  Commission,  the  cost  of  repara- 
tion and  other  treaty  costs  shall  constitute  a  first  charge  upon  the  assets  and 
revenues  of  Austria.  An  embargo  is  laid  upon  the  export  of  Austrian  gold 
effective  until  May  1,  1921,  except  by  permission  of  the  Powers. 

The  cost  of  the  armies  of  occupation  within  the  new  frontiers  of  Austria 
shall  be  paid,  these  payments  to  be  made  in  crowns  or  other  lawful  money  at 
agreed  exchange  rates.  Other  costs  shall  be  paid  in  the  currency  of  the  coun- 
try to  which  payment  is  due. 

Surrender  of  Material  Confirmed, 

The  surrender  of  material  under  the  terms  of  the  Armistice  is  expressly 
confirmed.  Of  this  material,  that  having  no  military  value  shall  be  assessed 
and  credited  to  the  Austrians  on  the  reparation  account,  excepting,  of  course 
material  or  goods  turned  over  which  previously  had  been  taken  from  nationals, 
of  the  Allied  and  Associated  Powers. 

Priority  of  Charges. 

Following  is  the  priority  of  the  charges  against  Austria:  Cost  of  armies 
of  occupation  under  Armistice;  cost  of  armies  under  this  treaty;  cost  of 
reparations  provided  in  this  treaty;  cost  of  other  and  supplementfiil  conven- 
tions. The  Powers  may  vary  this  order  slightly  in  connection  with  food  si^)- 
plies. 

The  Powers  retain  the  right  to  dispose  of  enemy  property  in  their  juris- 
diction at  the  date  of  signatin-e  of  this  treaty.  But  lawful  mortgages  made 
before  the  war  between  nationals  of  Austria  and  those  of  the  Powers  are  not 
prejudiced. 

Disposal  of  Debts  of  Transferred  Territories. 

Those  portions  of  the  former  Empire  dismembered  by  the  treaty  diall 
assume  proportions  of  the  debts  of  the  Empire  secured  by  railways,  salt  mines 
and  other  property.  The  Reparations  Commission  shall  have  discretion  in  the 
allocation  of  this  debt.  After  allocation,  responsibihty  shall  not  go  beyond 
the  new  state.  The  amount  allocated  shall  be  deducted  from  any  sums  owed 
by  dismembered  States  to  the  old  Empire.  However,  there  shall  be  no  shift- 
ing of  specific  property  as  security,  no  matter  how  it  may  be  allocated  among 
the  new  states.  The  same  property  must  secure  as  before  the  war.  Overdue 
instalments  owed  by  Austria  on  account  of  purchase  of  railways  or  similar 
property  shall  be  counted  as  among  the  debts  secured  within  the  meaning 
of  these  terms. 

67 


THE        PEACE        TREATIES 


With  some  latitude  provided  for  exceptions,  debts  allocated  to  new  states 
shall  be  expressed  in  such  new  state's  currency  and  in  exchange  relation  to 
the  Austrian  kronen  on  a  basis  which  existed  at  the  dismemberment.  Where 
these  debts  were  expressed  in  foreign  currency,  the  expression  shall  continue; 
where  they  were  expressed  in  Austrian  gold,  the  British  poimd  Sterling  and 
the  United  States  gold  dollar  shall  be  substituted. 

Old  Austrian  Debt. 

The  dismembered  states  shall  assume  fair  proportions  of  the  imsecured 
bonded  debt  of  the  old  Empire,  the  distribution  being  made  in  accordance 
with  the  average  revenues  of  the  provinces  affected  during  1911,  1912  and 
1913.  Bosnia  and  Herzegovina  are  excepted  from  this.  Austrian  debts  of 
other  categories  are  chargetible  to  Austria  alone.  But  these  terms  do  not 
apply  to  Austrian  currency  deposited  with  the  Austro-Himgarian  Bank  as 
security  for  note  issue. 

For  the  purposes  of  these  terms,  the  old  Austrian  unsecured  debt  shall 
be  regarded  the  debt  as  it  stood  on  July  28,  1914,  after  deducting  that  portion 
which  represents  the  liability  of  the  former  Hungarian  Government  under 
certain  special  imperial  statutes. 

Within  three  months  the  new  states  shall  stamp  the  bonds  representing 
that  part  of  the  general  debt  allocated  to  them.  If  in  the  inventory,  shortages 
in  relation  to  the  amount  aUocated  appear,  the  new  state  shall  issue  enough 
new  bonds  to  make  up  such  shortages.  Generally  the  old  terms  shall  be 
followed  excepting  that  the  new  state  is  responsible.  Contrariwise,  new  states 
finding  on  inventory  more  of  the  old  bonds  than  aUocated  to  them,  shall  have 
credit.  Provision  is  made  for  the  exchange  of  old  bonds  for  new  by  the  holders. 
Under  the  pleasure  of  the  Reparations  Commission  arrangements  for  funding 
and  consolidating  these  various  bonds  may  be  effected. 

Provision  is  made  for  treating  certain  sections  as  local  areas  with  pre- 
served integrity  as  borrowing  units,  as,  for  instance,  Bosnia  and  Herzegovina. 

The  Austrian  War  Debt  Bonds. 

Each  dismembered  state  shall  stamp  its  proportion  of  old  Austrian  war 
bonds,  withdraw  them  and  replace  them  by  certificates,  the  bonds  being 
sent  to  the  Reparations  Commission.  New  states  need  not  recognize  these 
war  bonds  as  their  obligations  unless  they  elect.  If  the  new  states  repudiate 
the  war  bonds,  as  they  are  free  to  do,  neither  they  nor  their  nationals  may 
have  recourse  to  any  dismembered  state.  Austria  alone  is  responsible  for 
the  old  war  debt. 

Within  two  months  of  signature  of  this  treaty,  the  dismembered  States 
shall  stamp  the  currency  notes  issued  by  the  Austro-Hungarian  Bank  existing 
within  their  territories.  The  new  states  have  the  option  of  replacing,  within 
twelve  months,  these  notes  with  their  own.  Any  notes  withdrawn  by  the 
new  governments  shall  be  held  at  the  disposal  of  the  Reparations  Commis- 
sion.   The  same  course  shall  be  followed  as  to  replaced  notes. 

Liquidation  of  Austro-Hungarian  Bank. 

The  Austro-Hungarian  Bank  shall  be  liquidated  from  the  day  after  the 
signature  of  the  treaty. 

Following  are  the  instructions,  in  detail,  for  this  important  liquidation: 

The  hquidation  shall  be  conducted  by  receivers  specially 
appointed  for  that  purpose  by  the  Reparation  Commission.  In 
conducting  the  liquidation  of  the  bank,  the  receivers  shall  fol- 
low the  rules  laid  down  in  the  Statutes  or  other  valid  instru- 
ments regulating  the  constitution  of  the  bank,  subject  however 
to  the  special  provisions  of  this  Article.  In  the  case  of  any 
doubt  arising  as  to  the  interpretation  of  the  rules  concerning 
the  liquidation  of  the  bank,  whether  laid  down  in  these  Arti- 

68 


TREATY    OF    PEACE    WITH    AUSTRIA 


cles  and  Annexes  or  in  the  Statutes  of  the  bank,  the  decision  of 
the  Reparation  Commission  or  any  arbitrator  appointed  by  it 
for  that  pmpose  shall  be  final. 

The  currency  notes  issued  by  the  bank  subsequent  to  Octo- 
ber 27,  1918,  shall  have  a  claim  on  the  securities  issued  by  the 
Austrian  and  Hungarian  Governments,  both  former  and  exist- 
ing, and  deposited  with  the  bank  by  those  Governments  as 
security  for  these  notes,  but  they  shall  not  have  a  claim  on  any 
other  assets  of  the  bank. 

The  currency  notes  issued  by  the  bank  on  or  prior  to  Octo- 
ber 27,  1918  (in  so  far  as  they  are  entitled  to  rank  at  all  in 
conformity  with  these  Articles),  shall  all  rank  equally  as  claims 
against  all  the  assets  of  the  bank,  other  than  the  Austrian  and 
Hungarian  Government  securities  deposited  as  security  for  the 
various  note  issues. 

The  securities  deposited  by  the  Austrian  and  Hungarian 
Governments,  both  former  and  existing,  with  the  bank  as  se- 
curity for  the  currency  notes  issued  on  or  prior  to  October  27, 
1918,  shall  be  canceled  in  so  far  as  they  represent  the  notes 
converted  in  the  territory  of  the  former  Austro-Hungarian 
monarchy  as  it  existed  on  July  28,  1914,  by  States  to  which 
territory  of  that  monarchy  is  transferred  or  by  States  arising 
from  the  dismemberment  of  that  Monarchy,  including  Austria 
and  the  present  Hungary. 

The  remainder  of  the  securities  deposited  by  the  Austrian 
and  Hungarian  Grovernments,  both  former  and  existing,  with  the 
bank  as  security  for  the  currency  notes  issued  on  or  prior  to 
October  27,  1918,  shall  be  retained  in  force  as  security  for,  and 
in  so  far  as  they  represent,  the  notes  issued  on  or  prior  to 
October  27, 1918,  which  on  June  15, 1919,  were  outside  the  limits 
of  the  former  Austro-Hungarian  monarchy  as  it  existed  on  July 
28,  1914,  that  is  to  say,  firstly,  aU  notes  of  this  description  which 
are  presented  to  the  Reparation  Commission  in  accordance  with 
paragraph  4  of  this  Article,*  and,  secondly,  aU  notes  of  this  de- 
scription which  may  be  held  elsewhere  and  are  presented  to  the 
receivers  of  the  bank. 

No  claims  on  account  of  any  other  currency  notes  issued  on 
or  prior  to  October  27,  1918,  shall  rank  either  against  the  general 
assets  of  the  bank  or  against  the  securities  deposited  by  the 
Austrian  and  Hungarian  Governments,  both  former  and  exist- 
ing, as  security  for  the  notes,  and  any  balance  of  such  securities 
remaining  after  the  amount  of  securities  mentioned  in  para- 
graphs 10  and  11  has  been  calculated  and  deducted  shcJl  be 
canceled. 

All  securities  deposited  by  the  Austrian  and  Hungarian 
Grovernments,  both  former  and  existing,  with  the  bank  as  se- 
curity for  currency  note  issues  and  which  are  maintained  in 
force  shall  be  the  obUgations  respectively  of  the  Governments 
of  Austria  and  the  present  Hungary  only  and  not  of  any  other 
States. 

The  holders  of  the  currency  notes  of  the  Austro-Hungarian 
Bank  shall  have  no  recourse  against  the  Governments  of  Austria 
or  the  present  Hungary  or  any  other  Government  in  respect  of 
any  loss  which  they  may  suffer  as  the  result  of  the  liqmdation 
of  the  bank. 


^Providing  that  withdrawn  notes  shall  be  held  at  the  disposal  of  the  Commission* 

69 


THE        PEACE        TREATIES 


The  new  States  shall  furnish  the  Commission  with  full  records  and  data 
regarding  these  withdrawals  and  replacements.  The  Commission  shall  give 
receipts  which  will  form  the  basis  for  claims  against  the  assets  of  the  Bank  in 
liquidation.  Upon  completion  of  liquidation,  the  Commission  shall  destroy 
the  withdrawn  notes.  No  notes  issued  on  or  prior  to  October  27,  1918, 
wherevei  held,  will  rank  as  claims  against  the  Bank  unless  they  are  presented 
through  the  Government  of  the  country  in  which  they  are  heW. 

Coinage. 

Each  dismembered  State,  including  Austria,  shall  deal  as  it  thinks  fit 
with  token  coinage  and  no  State  may  have  recourse  against  any  other  State 
on  this  account. 

Disposal  of  Old  Crown  Lands. 

Each  new  or  dismembered  state  of  the  old  Empire  shall  acquire  all 
prc^erty  and  possessions  within  its  territory  which  belonged  to  the  old  im- 
pend or  present  Austrian.  Government.  Not  only  strictly  government  prop- 
erty but  also  crown  lands  are  included. 

The  Reparations  Commission  shall  deduct  the  value  of  such  possessions 
from  Austria's  reparation  account  and  debit  the  recipient  on  the  same  account. 
Special  provisions  are  made  to  respect  the  integrity  of  certain  properties  held 
by  cities,  communes,  etc. 

Austria  Renounces  Foreign  Banking  Interests. 

Austria  renounces,  so  far  as  she  is  concerned,  all  rights  accorded  to  her  or 
her  nationals  by  Treaties,  Conventions  or  Agreements,  of  whatsoever  kind,  to 
representation  upon  or  participation  in  the  control  or  administration  of  Com- 
missions, State  Banks,  Agencies  or  other  financial  or  economic  organizations 
of  an  international  character  exercising  powers  of  control  or  administration 
and  operating  in  any  of  the  Allied  or  Associated  States,  or  in  Germany 
Hungary,  Bulgaria  or  Turkey,  or  in  the  dependencies  of  these  States,  or  in 
the  former  Russian  Empire. 

Turkish  Gold  Surrendered. 

Austria  agrees  to  deliver  within  one  month  of  signature  to  the  Powers 
the  gold  de^sited  in  the  Austro-Himgarian  Bank  in  the  name  of  the  Council 
o(  the  Adnunistration  of  the  Ottoman  Public  Debt  as  security  for  the  first 
issue  o(  Turkish  Grovemment  currency  notes. 

Brest'LiUnsk  Treaty  Renounced. 

Austria  renounces  any  benefit  from  the  terms  of  the  Treaty  of  Brest- 
litovsk  and  that  of  Bucharest  and  supplements.  Money,  securities,  negotia- 
able  instruments  and  goods  received  under  these  treaties  are  to  be  restored 
to  Roumania,  or  to  the  Powers.  Final  disposition  of  these  shall  later  be  deter- 
mined by  the  Powers. 

German  Gold  Transfer  Recognized. 

Austria  recognizes  the  gold  transfer  exacted  from  Germany  in  the  treaty 
with  that  country,  this  gold  having  been  security  for  loans  to  Austria. 

Assumption  of  Utility  Holdings. 

It  is  provided  that  on  six  months'  notice  Austria  shall  on  behalf  of  the 
Reparations  Commission  acquire  any  rights  of  her  nationals  in  pubhc  utility, 
undertakings  and  concessions  in  Russia,  Turkey,  Germany,  Hungary  or 
Bulgaria,  their  dependencies  or  jpossessions,  or  the  dismembered  states  and 
deliver  these  rights  to  the  Commission.  Austria  shall  indemnify  her  nationals 
for  such  acquisitions  and  shall  have  credit  therefore  on  the  reparation  account. 
Austria  undertakes  to  prevent  the  impeding  of  such  transfers  by  the  countries 
named. 

70 


TREATY  OF  PEACE  WITH  AUSTRIA 


Austria  undertakes  to  transfer  to  the  Powers  claims  she  has  against 
Germany,  Hungary,  Bulgaria  and  Turkey,  credit  to  be  given  her  on  the 
reparation  account. 

Standards  of  Acceptable  Moriey. 

Monetary  obligations  arising  from  the  treaty  expressed  in  gold  kronen, 
shall  unless  specificially  provided  for  otherwise,  be  payable  at  the  option 
of  the  creditor  in  pounds  sterling  in  London,  gold  dollars  in  New  York,  gold 
francs  in  Paris  and  gold  lire  in  Rome,  all  to  be  of  weight  and  fineness  provided 
by  law  on  January  1,  1914. 

Adjustments  of  Companies. 

Any  financial  adjustments,  such  as  those  relating  to  any  banking  and 
insurance  companies,  savings  banks,  postal  savings  banks,  land  banks,  mort- 
gage companies  or  other  similar  institutions,  operating  within  the  territory  of 
the  former  Austro-Hungarian  Monarchy,  necessitated  by  the  partition  of 
that  Monarchy  and  the  resettlement  of  public  debts  and  currency  provided 
for  by  these  Articles,  shall  be  regulated  by  agreement  between  the  various 
Governments  concerned  in  such  a  manner  as  shall  best  secure  equitable  treat- 
ment to  all  the  parties  interested.  In  case  the  Governments  concerned  are 
unable  to  come  to  an  agreement  on  any  question  arising  out  of  this  financial 
adjustment,  or  in  case  any  Government  is  of  opinion  that  its  nationals  have 
not  received  equitable  treatment,  the  Reparation  Commission  shall,  on  the 
application  of  any  one  of  the  Governments  concerned,  appoint  an  arbitrator 
or  arbitrators,  whose  decision  shall  be  final. 

Pension  Liability. 

Where  nationals  of  the  old  Empire  have  become  nationals  of  new  states 
iability  of  Austria  under  old  civil  and  military  pension  laws  expires. 


PART  X 

ECONOMIC  CLAUSES 

Austria  undertakes  that  goods,  natural  products  or  manufactured  articles, 
exported  to  or  imported  from  any  one  of  the  Allied  or  Associated  States,  shall 
not  be  subject  to  other  or  higher  duties,  or  discrimination  in  procedure,  even 
by  indirect  means,  such  as  customs  regulations,  than  are  imposed  upon  like 
goods  to  or  from  other  States.  Every  favor,  immunity  or  privilege  regarding 
the  importation,  exportation  or  transit  of  goods  granted  by  Austria  to  any 
foreign  country  whatsoever  shall  automatically  and  without  request  be  ex- 
tended to  all  the  Alhed  and  Associated  States.  Products  in  transit  by  ports 
which,  before  the  war,  were  in  the  former  Austro-Hungarian  monarchy,  shall 
for  three  years  enjoy  reductions  of  duty  specified  under  the  Austro-Hungarian 
Customs  Tariff  of  February  13, 1906,  when  imported  by  such  ports  into  Austria. 

However,  the  Allied  and  Associated  Powers  agree  that  these  provisions 
wilfnot  be  invoked  to  secure  the  advantage  of  arrangements  made  by  Austria 
with  Hungary  or  the  Czecho-Slovak  State. 

For  six  months  after  the  treaty  becomes  effective,  Austria  will  not  impose 
import  duties  higher  than  the  most  favorable  duties  applied  July  28,  1914. 
For  the  succeeding  thirty  (30)  months,  this  provision  shall  continue  to  be 
applied  exclusively  to  importations  of  fruits  (fresh  and  dried),  fresh  vegetables, 
olive  oil,  eggs,  pigs  and  pork  products,  and  five  poultry,  in  so  far  as  such 
products  rates  conventionalized  by  treaties  in  effect  July  28,  1914,  with  the 
Allied  or  Associated  Powers. 

The  Czecho-Slovak  State  and  Poland  undertake  that  they  will  not  for 
fifteen  years  impose  any  export  charges  on  coal  to  Austria  different  from 

71 


THE       PEACE        TREATIES 


charges  on  coal  sent  to  other  countries.  Special  agreements  shall  be  made 
between  the  three  as  to  the  supply  of  coal  and  raw  materials  reciprocally. 
Pending  such  agreements,  but  in  no  case  more  than  three  years,  the  Czecho- 
slovak State  and  Poland  will  not  impose  any  exjKjrt  duty  or  other  restrictions 
of  coal  or  Ugnite  exports  to  Austria,  up  to  a  reasonable  quantity,  to  be  fixed, 
faihng  agreement  between  the  States,  by  the  Reparations  Committee.  Aus- 
tria in  return  shall  furnish  the  Czecho-Slovak  State  and  Poland  raw  materials 
as  ordered  by  the  Commission.  The  Czecho-Slovak  State  and  Poland  under- 
take during  the  same  period  to  ensure  that  purchasers  in  Austria  have  as 
favorable  opportunity  for  purchase  of  such  products  as  citizens  of  any  other 
country. 

The  High  Contracting  Parties  agree  to  recognize  the  flag  flown  by  the 
vessels  of  any  Contracting  Party  having  no  seacoast. 

Austria  undertakes  to  adopt  aU  necessary  legislative  and  administrative 
measures  to  protect  goods  of  the  Allied  or  Associated  Powers  from  unfair 
competition,  as  provided  in  the  treaty  with  Germany. 

Austria  imdertakes  not  to  subject  nationals  of  the  Allied  or  Associated 
Powers  to  any  taxes  or  restrictions  not  imposed  on  other  aliens  or  her  own 
citizens,  and  furthermore  to  recognize  any  new  nationality  acquired  by  her 
former  nationals. 

Obligations  imposed  in  the  customs  clauses  shall  cease  to  have  effect  five 
years  from  the  date  the  Treaty  becomes  effective,  imless  otherwise  specified, 
or  unless  the  Council  of  the  League  of  Nations  shall  at  least  twelve  months 
before  the  expiration  of  that  period  extend  them,  with  or  without  amendment. 
Nevertheless,  after  three  years,  unless  the  League  of  Nations,  decides  other- 
wise, an  Allied  or  Associated  Power  shall  not  require  fulfillment  of  the  clauses 
regarding  customs  charges  and  regulations  unless  that  Power  accords  correla- 
tive treatment  to  Austria. 

If  the  Austrian  Government  engages  in  international  trade,  it  shall  not 
in  respect  thereof,  have  any  rights,  privileges  or  immunities  of  sovereignty. 

Other  general  provisions  are  identical  with  Part  X  of  the  German 
treaty  (page  35). 

MULTILATERAL  AND  BILATERAL  TREATIES 

The  provisions  in  respect  to  multilateral  and  bilateral  treaties  are  identical 
with  those  contained  in  the  German  treaty  (see  page  35)  and  in  addition  Austria 
undertakes  to  adhere  also  to  the  conventions  for  the  protection  of  literary 
and  artistic  works,  for  the  suppression  of  white  phosphorus  in  matches,  and 
regarding  the  unification  of  commercial  statistics. 

Clearing  Office  System. 

The  system  of  clearing  offices  established  for  the  liquidation  of  interna- 
tional debts  is  identical  with  that  estabfished  in  the  Treaty  with  Germany 
(page  36)  excepting  that  the  following  provision  is  added: 

The  amount  of  all  taxes  or  imposts  on  capital  levied  or  to 
be  levied  on  Austria  on  the  property,  rights  and  interests  of  the 
nationals  of  the  AUied  or  Associated  Powers  from  November  3, 
1918,  until  three  months  from  the  coming  into  force  of  the 
present  Treaty,  or,  in  the  case  of  property,  rights  or  interests 
which  have  been  subjected  to  exceptional  measures  of  war, 
until  restitution  in  accordance  with  the  present  Treaty,  shall 
be  restored  to  the  owners. 

Property  Rights  and  Interests. 

The  sections  dealing  with  these  subjects  including  such  matters  as  con- 
tracts, trademarks,  copyrights,  etc.,  are  in  every  respect  identical  with  the 
provisions  of  the  similar  sections  of  the  Treaty  with  Germany. 

72 


TREATY    OF    PEACE    WITH    AUSTRIA 


Industrial  Property. 

This  section  in  the  treaty  is  identical  with  the  general  provisions  of  the 
German  treaty  (page  42),  except  for  the  following  new  matter: 

Individuals  formerly  nationals  of  the  Austrian  Empire,  including  Bosnia- 
Herzegovinians,  those  who  acquire  the  nationaUty  under  the  present  Treaty, 
of  an  Alhed  of  Associated  Power,  are  designated  in  the  provisions  following 
as  "nationals  of  the  former  Austrian  Empire,"^the  remamder  as  "Austrian 
nationals." 

All  transferred  nationals  shall  continue  to  enjoy  in  Austria  all  the  rights 
they  were  entitled  to,  in  industrial,  literary  or  artistic  property  under  legisla- 
tion in  force  at  the  time  of  the  transfer.  Questions  concerning  the  nationals 
of  the  former  Austrian  Empire  as  well  as  Austrian  Nationals  not  dealt  with 
in  the  present  Treaty  shall  form  the  subject  of  a  special  convention  between 
the  states  concerned,  Austria  included,  within  three  months  from  the  eflfective- 
ness  of  the  Treaty  and  not  to  conflict  with  its  terms. 

Restoration  without  delay  to  nationals  of  the  former  Austrian  Empire 
of  their  property,  rights  and  interests,  situated  in  Austrian  territory.  Taxes 
and  imposts  on  capital  levied  or  increased  on  the  property,  rights  and  interests 
of  nationals  of  the  former  Austrian  Empire  since  November  3,  1918,  shall 
be  returned  to  the  owners  and  the  property,  rights  or  interests  restored  shall 
not  be  subject  to  any  tax  levied  in  respect  of  any  other  property  or  business 
owned  by  the  same  person.  If  taxes  have  been  paid  in  anticipation  on 
property  removed  from  Austria,  the  proper  proportion  for  the  period  subse- 
quent to  removal,  shall  be  returned.  Legacies,  donations  and  funds  given 
or  estabhshed  in  the  former  Austro-H ungarian  monarchy  for  the  benefits  of 
nationals  of  the  former  Austrian  Empire,  shall  be  placed  by  Austria,  where 
the  funds  in  her  territory,  the  disposition  of  Allied  or  Associated  Power  of 
which  the  person  interested  is  now  a  national,  in  the  condition  the  fimds 
were  in  July  28,  1914,  taking  account  of  proper  payments. 

Notwithstanding  previous  provisions  the  property  rights  and  interests 
of  Austrian  nationals  or  companies  controlled  by  them,  situated  in  the  terri- 
tories of  the  former  Austro-Hungarian  monarchy,  shall  not  be  subject  to 
retention  or  hquidation  and  shaHl  be  restored  to  the  owner  freed  from  any 
measure  of  this  kind. 

Contracts  for  the  sale  of  goods  for  dehvery  by  sea  concluded  before  Jan- 
uary 1,  1917,  between  nationals  of  the  former  Austrian  Empire  on  the  one 
part  and  the  administration  of  the  former  Austro-Hungarian  monarchy, 
Austria,  or  Bosnia-Herzegovina  or  Austrian  nationals,  on  the  other  part, 
shaU  be  annulled  except  in  respect  to  a  debt  arising  thereimder.  AJl  other 
contracts  between  such  parties  made  before  November  1,  1918,  and  were 
in  force  on  that  date  will  be  maintained. 

With  regard  to  prescriptions,  hmitations,  and  forfeitures  in  the  trans- 
ferred territories,  the  rule  of  suspension  shall  be  applied  with  substitution  for 
the  expression  "outbreak  of  war"  of  the  expression  "date,  which  shall  be 
fixed  by  administrative  decision  of  each  Allied  or  Associated  Power,  at  which 
relations  between  the  parties  became  impossible  in  fact  or  in  law"  and  for 
the  expression  "duration  of  the  war"  fof  the  expression?  "period  between  the 
date  above  indicated  and  that  of  the  coming  into  force  of  the  present  Treaty." 

Transfer  of  property  rights  or  interests  belonging  to  a  company 
incorporated  under  the  laws  of  the  former  Austro-Hungarian  monarchy  in 
which  AUied  or  Associated  nationals  are  interested  to  a  company  incorporated 
in  accordance  with  the  laws  of  any  other  power,  is  not  to  be  impeded  in  any 
way  by  Austria,  and  she  undertakes  to  facilitate  such  transfer  and  render 
assistance  in  the  restoration  of  property,  rights  or  interests  to  Allied  or  Asso- 
ciated nationals  or  corporations  of  property  in  Austria  or  in  transferred 
territory. 

The  clearing  ofiSce  system  shall  not  apply  to  debts  between  Austrian 

73 


THE        PEACE        TREATIES 


nationals  and  nationals  of  the  former  Austrian  Empire,  and  subject  to  certain 
provisions  in  the  case  of  new  states  these  debts  shall  be  paid  in  the  legal 
currency  of  the  state  of  which  the  national  of  former  Austrian  Empire  has 
become  a  national  with  an  exchange  rate  equal  to  the  average  quoted  on  the 
Geneva  Exchange  during  the  two  months  preceding  November  1,  1918. 

INSURANCE  COMPANIES. 

Insurance  companies  whose  principal  place  of  business  was  in  territory 
previously  part  of  the  former  Austro-Hungarian  monarchy,  shall  have  the 
right  to  carry  on  their  business  for  ten  years  after  the  effectiveness  of  the 
Treaty  in  Austrian  territory,  without  the  rights  they  enjoyed  before  transfer 
being  affected  by  the  change  of  nationality  and  no  higher  taxes  or  charges 
shall  be  imposed  upon  them  than  on  national  companies  nor  any  measure  in 
derogation  of  their  rights  of  property  not  imposed  on  Austrian  companies 
and  adequate  compensation  shall  be  paid  in  event  of  the  application  of  any 
such  measures.  The  provisions  shall  apply  only  so  long  as  Austrian  companies, 
previously  carrying  on  business  in  transferred  tenitories,  are  given  reciprocal 
treatment. 

Special  agreements  will  determine  the  division  of  the  property  of  associa- 
tions or  public  corporations  carrying  on  their  functions  in  territory  which  is 
divided  in  consequence  of  the  present  Treaty. 

A  special  convention  shall  determine  all  questions  relative  to  the  records, 
registers,  and  copies  in  connection  with  the  protection  of  industrial,  literary 
or  artistic  property  and  fix  their  eventual  transfer. 

The  Austrian  Government  undertakes  without  prejudice  to  other  pro- 
visions of  the  Treaty  to  hand  over  to  the  proper  Power  such  portion  of  the 
reserves  accumulated  by  the  Government  or  administrations  of  the  former 
Austro-Hungarian  monarchy  or  by  public  or  private  organizations  under 
their  control,  as  is  attributable  to  the  carrying  on  of  Social  or  State  Insurance 
in  such  territory.  The  Power  receiving  the  funds  must  apply  them  to  the 
performance  of  the  obligations  arising  under  such  insurance,  and  the  condi- 
tions of  delivery  shall  be  determined  by  special  conventions.  Where  the 
special  conventions  are  not  concluded  within  three  months  after  the  effective- 
ness of  the  Treaty  the  conditions  of  transfer  shall  in  each  case  be  determined 
by  a  Commission  which  shall  recommend  suitable  action  to  the  Council  of 
the  League  of  Nations,  whose  decisions  shall  bind  Austria  and  the  other 
Government  concerned. 


PART  XI 

AERIAL  NAVIGATION 

This  Part  in  the  Austrian  Treaty  is  identical  with  Part  XI  in  the  Treaty 
with  Germany  (see  page  43). 

PART  XII 

PORTS,  WATERWAYS  AND  RAILWAYS 

Section  I 

GENERAL  PROVISIONS 

The  general  provisions  of  this  Part  are  identical  with  those  of  Part  XII 
in  the  German  treaty  (see  page  44)  except  as  to  sections  in  the  German 
treaty  applicable  locally  and  the  following  in  this  treaty; 

74 


TREATY    OF    PEACE    WITH    AUSTRIA 


CIAUSES  REIATING  TO  THE  DANUBE 

General  Clauses  Relating  to  River  Systems  Declared  International. 

The  Danube  from  Ulm  shall  be  international,  together  with  the  navigable 
parts  of  the  river  which  provide  more  than  one  state  with  access  to  the  sea,  and 
that  portion  of  the  Morava  (March)  and  the  Thaya  (Theiss)  forming  the 
frontier  between  Czecho-SlovaJda  and  Austria  and  waterways  connecting 
navigable  parts  of  the  river.  The  contemplated  Rhine-Danube  navigable 
waterway  also  would  be  included. 

The  nationals,  property  and  flags  of  all  countries  shall  be  treated  equally 
on  the  international  waterways. 

Austrian  vessels  must  obtain  authority  to  carry  passen^rs  and  goods 
between  Austriem  ports  and  those  of  an  allied  country.. 

Fair  charges  may  be  levied  against  allied  vessels  plying  on  the  specified 
rivers  in  proportion  to  the  expenditures  necessary  to  keep  the  channels  in 
navigable  condition,  without  any  imnecessary  detailed  examination  of  carp;oes. 

Equal  rights  for  allied  vessels  in  international  waters  are  provided. 
When  the  river  forms  a  frontier,  passengers  and  goods  shall  be  exempt  from 
all  customs  formalities. 

No  dues  of  any  kind  shall  be  levied  along  the  course  or  at  the  mouth  of 
the  international  waterways  except  those  specified.  Bona  fide  «ustoms  and 
harbor  charges  by  the  riparian  states  are  permissible,  however. 

Riparian  states  are  required  to  maintain  safe  and  satisfactory  conditions 
of  navigation  on  the  international  waterways.  Complaint  of  neglect  to  carry 
out  this  provision  may  be  made  by  the  riparian  states  to  the  tribunal  created 
for  this  purpose  by  the  League  of  Nations. 

The  tribunal  is  armed  with  the  necessary  power  to  enforce  suspension  or 
suppression  of  works  undertaken  by  the  riparian  states  o£  a  nature  which 
would  impede  navigation  in  the  international  section.  * 

The  temporary  regime  shall  be  superseded  by  one  to  be  laid  down  in  a 
General  Convention  drawn  up  by  the  Allies,  and  approved  by  the  League  of 
Nations,  relating  to  the  waterways  recognized  in  such  convention  as  having 
an  international  character.  This  Convention  would  apply  to  the  specified 
river  systems  as  international,  and  Austria  undertakes  to  adhere  to  the  General 
Convention. 

Concession  by  Austria  to  the  Allies,  within  a  maximum  period  of  three 
months  from  the  date  of  notification  to  be  given  her,  of  a  proportion  of  the 
tugs  and  vessels  remaining  registered  in  the  ports  of  the  Danube  river  system 
after  the  deduction  of  those  surrendered  by  way  of  restitution  or  reparation  is 
provided.  Austria  shall  also  cede  material  of  all  kinds  necessary  to  the  Allies 
lor  the  utilization  of  the  river  system. 

The  number  of  tugs  and  boats  to  be  surrendered  would  be  determined  by 
an  arbitrator  nominated  by  the  United  States,  and  all  vessels  turned  over  to 
the  Allies  must  be  in  good  operating  condition.  Where  the  surrender  of  the 
vessels  involves  a  change  of  ownership,  the  arbitrator  shall  determine  the 
rights  of  the  former  owners  as  of  October  15,  1918,  and  the  amount  of  com- 
pensation to  be  paid,  and  to  whom  the  compensation  should  revert.  Although 
final  allocation  of  the  surrendered  vessels  will  be  made  by  the  arbitrator,  a 
joint  commission,  composed  of  representatives  of  the  Allied  countries  would 
operate  the  vessels  pending  allocation,  the  net  receipts  of  the  operation  c^  the 
vessels  to  be  disposed  of  by  the  Reparation  Commission. 

Special  Clauses  Relating  to  the  Danube. 

The  European  Commission  of  the  Danube  reasvsumcs  the  powers  it  pos- 
sessed before  the  war,  composed,  however,  only  of  representatives  of  the  Allies, 
and  where  the  competence  of  the  Commission  ceases,  the  Danube  systems 
will  be  governed  by  a  conmiission  representing  the  riparian  states. 

75  , 


THE       PEACE       TREATIES 


Austria  is  pledged  to  accept  the  regime  to  be  laid  down  for  the  Danube 
by  a  Conference  of  Powers  to  meet  one  year  after  the  Treaty  goes  into  force. 
The  country  also  is  pledged  to  make  to  the  European  Commission  of  the 
Danube  all  restitutions,  and  indemnities  for  damages  inflicted  on  the  Com- 
mission during  the  war. 

Hydraulic  System. 

Agreements  shall  be  made  between  the  Austrian  states  to  safeguard  the 
interests  and  rights  acquired  by  each  of  them,  when  use  is  made  of  water  or 
hydraulic  power,  the  source  of  which  is  on  the  territory  of  another  state. 
FaiUng  an  agreement,  the  matter  shall  be  regulated  by  an  arbitrator  appointed 
by  the  Council  of  the  League  of  Nations. 

Pending  an  agreement,  central  electric  stations  and  waterworks  shall  be 
required  to  continue  the  supply  up  to  an  amount  corresponding  to  the  con- 
tracts in  force  November  3,  1918. 

RAILWAYS 

Freedom  of  Transit  to  Adriatic. 

Free  access  to  the  Adriatic  Sea  is  accorded  U)  Austria,  who  will  enjoy  free- 
dom of  transit  over  the  territories  and  in  the  ports  severed  from  the  former 
Austro- Hungarian  monarchy.  Special  conventions  between  the  states  or 
administrations  concerned  will  lay  down  the  conditions  of  the  exercise  of  this 
right  and  will  settle  in  particular  the  method  of  using  the  ports  and  the  free 
zones  existing  in  them,  the  estabhshment  of  international  joint  services  and 
tariffs,  including  through  tickets  and  way-bills,  and  the  maintenance  of  the 
Convention  of  Berne  of  October  14,  1890,  and  its  supplementary  provisions 
imtil  its  replacement  by  a  new  convention.  Freedom  of  transit  will  extend  to 
postal,  telegraphic  and  telephonic  services. 

With  the  object  of  insuring  regular  utilization  of  the  railroads  of  the 
former  Austro-Hungarian  monarchy  owned  by  private  companies  which  will 
as  a  result  of  the  treaty  be  situated  in  the  territory  of  several  states,  the  admin- 
istrative and  technical  reorganization  of  the  lines  shall  be  regulated  by  agree- 
ment between  the  companies  and  the  states.  In  case  of  failure  to  agree,  the 
question  shall  be  submitted  to  arbitrators  designated  by  the  council  of  the 
League  of  Nations. 

Within  five  years  from  the  going  into  force  of  the  treaty,  Italy  may  require 
the  construction  or  improvement  on  Austrian  territory  of  the  new  trans- Alpine 
lines  of  the  Col  de  Reschen  and  the  Pas  de  Predil.    Unless  Austria  decides  to 

Eay  for  the  works  herself,  the  cost  of  construction  or  improvement  shall  be  paid 
y  Italy.  An  arbitrator  appointed  by  the  coimcil  of  the  League  of  Nations 
shall  determine  the  portion  of  the  cost  which  must  be  repaid  by  Austria  to 
Italy  on  account  of  the  increase  of  revenue  on  the  Austrian  railway  system 
resulting  from  these  works.  Austria  is  required  to  hand  over  to  Italy  gratui- 
tously the  surveys  for  the  construction  of  the  following  railway  lines: 

The  line  from  Tarvis  to  Trieste  by  Raibl,  Plezzo,  Caporetto,  Canale 
and  Gorizia; 

The  local  line  from  S.  Lucia  de  Tolmino  to  Vaporetto; 

The  line  from  Tarvis  to  Plezzo  (new  scheme) ; 

The  Reschen  Une  connecting  Landeck  and  Mais. 

In  view  of  the  importance  to  the  Czecho-Slovakia  state  of  free  communi- 
cation between  that  state  and  the  Adriatic,  Austria  recognizes  the  right  of 
that  state  to  run  its  own  trains  over  the  section  of  certain  railway  lines 
included  within  her  territory,  but  these  trains  shall  not  engage  in  local  traffic 
except  by  agreement.  Such  running  powers  will  include  the  right  to  establish 
sheds  with  small  shops  for  minor  repairs  to  locomotives  and  rolling  stock  and 
to  appoint  representatives  when  necessary  to  supervise  the  working  of  trains. 
The  conditions  under  which  the  rights  of  the  Czecho-Slovak  state  shall  be 

76 


TREATY    OF    PEACE    WITH    AUSTRIA 


exercised  shall  be  laid  down  in  a  convention  between  its  railway  administration 
and  that  of  the  Austrian  systems  concerned  subject  to  arbitration  and  points 
of  difference  by  an  arbitrator  nominated  by  Great  Britain. 

In  the  event  of  this  agreement  as  to  the  interpretation  of  the  convention  or 
of  difficulties  arising  unprovided  for  in  the  convention,  the  same  form  of  arbi- 
tration will  be  conducted  until  such  time  as  the  League  of  Nations  may  lay 
do¥m  some  other  procedure. 


PART  XIII 

LABOR  PROVISIONS 

In  the  Austrian  Treaty  this  Part  is  identical  with  Part  XIII  of  the  Treaty 
with  Germany  (see  page  46). 


PART  XIV 

MISCELLANEOUS  PROVISIONS 

Austria  undertakes  to  accept  the  conventions  made  by  the  Allied  and 
Associated  Powers  with  other  powers  in  respect  of  traffic  in  arms  and  Uquors. 

The  remainder  of  this  Part  is  practically  identical  with  Part  XV  of  the 
Treaty  with  Germany  (see  page  47). 


77 


THE        PEACE        TREATIES 


'DECLARATIONS    OF    WAR    AND    SEVERANCES    OF 
DIPLOMATIC  RELATIONS  BETWEEN  NATIONS 

Following  is  a  complete  list  of  the  declarations  of  war  and  severances  of 
diplomatic  relations,  with  the  date  of  each,  in  connection  with  the  present  war: 

DECIARATIONS  OF  WAR 
Austria  v.  Belgium,  August  28,  1914. 
Austria  V.  Japan,  August  27,  1914. 
Austria  v.  Montenegro,  August  9,  1914. 
Austria  v.  Russia,  August  6,  1914. 
Austria  V.  Serbia,  July  28,  1914. 
Brazil  v.  Germany,  October  26,  1917. 
Bulgaria  v.  Roumania,  September  1,  1916. 
Bulgaria  v.  Serbia,  October  14,  1915. 
China  v.  Austria,  August  14,  1917, 
China  v.  Germany,  August  14,  1914. 
Cuba  V.  Germany,  April  7,  1917. 
Cuba  V.  Austria,  December  16,  1917. 
France  v.  Austria,  August  12,  1914. 
France  v.  Bulgaria,  October  16,  1915. 
France  v.  Germany,  August  3,  1914. 
Germany  v.  Belgium,  August  4,  1914. 
Germany  v.  France,  August  3,  1914. 
Germany  v.  Portugal,  March  9,  1916. 
Germany  v.  Roumania,  August  28,  1916. 
Germany  v.  Russia,  August  1,  1914. 
Great  Britain  v.  Austria,  August  13,  1914. 
Great  Britain  v.  Bulgaria,  October  15,  1915. 
Great  Britain  v.  Germany,  August  4,  1914. 
Great  Britain  v.  Turkey,  November  5,  1914. 
Greece  (Provisional  Government)  v.  Bulgaria,  November  23,  1916. 
Greece  (Government  of  Alexander)  v.  Bulgaria,  July  2,  1917. 
Greece  (Provisional  Government)  v.  Germany,  November  23,  1916. 
Greece  (Government  of  Alexander)  v.  Germany,  July  2,  1917. 
Guatemala  v.  Germany,  April  21,  1918. 
Haiti  V.  Germany,  July  12,  1918. 
Honduras  v.  Germany,  July  19,  1918. 
Italy  V.  Austria,  May  24,  1915. 
Italy  V.  Bulgaria,  October  19,  1915. 
Italy  V.  Germany,  August  29,  1916. 
Italy  V.  Turkey,  August  21,  1915. 
Japan  v.  Germany,  August  23,  1914. 
Liberia  v.  Germany,  August  4,  1917. 
Nicaragua  v.  Austria,  May  6, 1918. 

79 


DECLARATIONS       OF       WAR 


Nicaragua  v.  Germany,  May  6,  1918. 

Panama  v.  Germany,  April  7,  1917. 

Panama  v.  Austria,  December  10,  1917. 

Portugal  (resolution  authorizing  intervention  as  an  ally  of  England)  v.  Ger- 
many, November  23,  1914. 

Portugal  (military  aid  granted)  v.  Germany,  May  19,  1915. 

Roumania  (allies  of  Austria  considered  it  a  declaration  of  war)  v.  Austria, 
August  27,  1916. 

Russia  V.  Bulgaria,  October  19,  1915. 

Serbia  v.  Germany,  August  6,  1914. 

Siam  v.  Austria,  July  22,  1917. 

Siam  V.  Germany,  July  22,  1917. 

Turkey  v.  Roumania,  August  29,  1916. 

Turkey  (holy  war)  v.  Allies,  November  11,  1914. 

United  States  v.  Austria,  December  7,  1917. 

United  States  v.  Germany,  April  6,  1917. 

SEVERANCES  OF  DIPLOMATIC  RELATIONS 
Austria  v.  Portugal,  March  15,  1916. 
Austria  V.  Serbia,  July  26,  1914. 
Austria  V.  United  States,  April  8,  1917. 
Belgium  v.  Turkey,  October  30,  1914. 
Bolivia  v.  Germany,  April  14,  1917. 
Brazil  v.  Germany,  April  11,  1917. 
China  v.  Germany,  March  14,  1917. 
Ecuador  v.  Germany,  December  7,  1917. 
France  v.  Austria,  August  11,  1914. 
France  v.  Turkey,  October  30,  1914. 
Germany  v.  Italy,  May  23,  1915. 
Great  Britain  v.  Turkey,  October  30,  1914. 
Greece  v.  Austria,  July  2,  1917. 
Greece  v.  Turkey,  July  2,  1917. 
Guatemala  v.  Germany,  April  27,  1917. 
Haiti  V.  Germany,  June  16,  1917. 
Honduras  v.  Germany,  May  17,  1917. 
Japan  v.  Austria,  August  25,  1914. 
Liberia  v.  Germany,  May  8,  1917. 
Nicaragua  v.  Germany,  May  19,  1917. 
Peru  V.  Germany,  October  5,  1917. 
Roumania  v.  Bulgaria.  August  30,  1916. 
Russia  v.  Bulgaria,  October  5,  1915. 
Russia  v.  Roumania,  January  28,  1918. 
Russia  V.  Turkey,  October  30,  1914. 
Turkey  v.  United  States,  AprU  20,  1917. 
United  States  v.  Germany,  February  3,  1917. 
Uruguay  v.  Germany,  October  7,  1917, 

79 


THE       PEACE       TREATIES 


MILESTONES  OF  THE  ROAD  TO  VICTORY 

The  number  of  men  serving  in  the  armed  forces  of  the  United  States 
during  the  war  was  4,800,000  of  whom  4,000,000  served  in  the  army. 

It  took  three  years  for  the  Enghsh  armies  in  France  to  reach  a  strength 
of  2,000,000,  but  the  American  armies  did  it  in  one-half  of  that  time. 

Out  of  every  100  men  who  served,  10  were  National  Guardsmen,  13  were 
Regulars,  and  77  were  in  the  National  Army. 

In  the  physical  examinationis,  the  states  of  the  Middle  West  made  the 
best  showing.  Country  boys  did  better  than  city  boys,  whites  better  than 
colored,  and  native-born  better  than  foreign-born. 

In  this  war,  the  United  States  raised  twice  as  many  men  as  in  the  Civil 
War,  and  at  one-twentieth  of  the  cost  for  recruiting. 

There  were  200,000  army  oflQcers.  Of  every  6  officers,  one-  had  previous 
mihtary  training  with  troops,  3  were  graduates  of  officers'  training  camps,  and 
2  came  directly  from  civil  life. 

Our  participation  in  the  war  lasted  19  months.  Half  a  million  men  were 
sent  overseas  in  the  first  13  months,  and  a  milUon  and  a  half  in  the  last  6 
months. 

Half  of  the  troops  landed  in  France,  and  half  of  them  in  England. 

The  highest  troop  carrying  records  are  those  of  July,  1918,  when  306,000 
soldiers  were  carried  to  Europe,  and  May,  1919,  when  330,000  were  brought 
home  to  America. 

The  greatest  troop  carrier  among  the  ships  was  the  Leviathan,  which 
landed  12,000  men,  or  the  equivalent  of  a  German  division,  in  France  every 
month. 

One-fourth  of  all  the  troops  who  went  overseas  were  assigned  to  the 
Services  of  Supply. 

The  average  American  soldier  in  France  wore  out  a  slicker  and  overcoat 
every  5  months;  a  blanket,  flannel  shirt,  and  breeches  every  2  months;  a 
coat  every  79  days;  a  p£dr  of  shoes  and  puttees  every  51  days;  a  pair  of 
drawers  and  an  undershirt,  every  34  days;  and  a  pair  of  woolen  socks  every 
23  days. 

In  1912  the  American  army  allotted  4  machine  guns  for  each  infantry 
regiment.    In  1919  the  allotment  is  336  machine  guns  per  regiment. 

American  plants  produced  a  greater  number  of  complete  units  of  artillery 
than  all  those  purchased  from  the  French  and  British  during  the  war. 

In  the  first  20  months  after  the  declaration  of  war  by  each  nation.  Great 
Britain  produced  more  artillery  than  the  United  States,  but  the  United  States 
excelled  the  British  record  in  the  production  of  heavy  artillery  and  fight  and 
heavy  ammunition. 

American  armies  had  in  France  3,500  pieces  of  artillery,  of  which  nearly 
500  were  made  in  America.  They  used  on  the  firing  fine  2,250  pieces  of  which 
130  were  made  in  America. 

American  aviators  used  2,698  planes  at  the  battle  front,  of  which  667 

80 


MILESTONES   ON   THE   ROAD   TO   VICTORY 


were  of  American  manufacture.    American  aviators  brought  dovn  755  enemy 
planes  in  action  and  lost  357. 

Two  out  of  every  three  of  the  American  soldiers  who  reached  France 
took  part  in  battle. 

American  divisions  were  in  battle  for  200  days,  and  engaged  in  13  major 
operations. 

During  the  last  4  months  of  the  war,  American  divisions  held  a  longer 
front  than  that  held  by  the  British  armies. 

In  October,  1918,  the  American  divisions  held  101  miles  of  front  line,  or 
23  per  cent,  of  the  entire  western  front. 

The  most  intense  concentration  of  artillery  fire  ever  recorded  was  that  of 
the  American  troops  in  the  battle  of  St.  Mihiel,  when  our  artillery  fired  more 
than  1,000,000  shells  in  four  hours. 

The  Meuse-Argonne  battle  lasted  for  47  days,  during  which  1,200,000 
American  troops  were  engaged. 

The  total  battle  deaths  of  all  nations  in  this  war  were  greater  than  all  the 
deaths  in  all  the  wars  of  the  previous  100  yeeirs. 

The  war  cost  the  United  States  considerably  more  than  one  million 
dollars  an  hour  for  over  two  years. 

Our  expenditures  in  this  war  were  sufficient  to  have  carried  on  the  Revo- 
lutionary War  continuously  for  more  than  1,000  years  at  the  rate  of  expenditure 
which  that  war  actually  involved. 

The  total  war  cost  of  all  nations  was  about  $186,000,000,000  of  which 
the  AlUes  spent  two-thirds  and  the  enemy  one-third. 


ESTIMATED  TOTAL  WAR  EXPENDITURES  OF  PRIN- 
CIPAL NATIONS  TO  APRIL  30,  1919 

(All  figures  in  billions  of  dollars  and  excluding  normal  expenses) 

Billions 
of  dollars 

Germany 39 

British  Empire 38 

France 26 

United  States 25 

Austria-Hungary 21 

Russia 18 

Italy 13 

Belgium,  Roumania,  Portugal,  Jugo-Slavia 5 

Turkey  and  Bulgaria 3 

Japan  and  Greece 1 


Total  expenditures 189 

81 


THE        PEACE        TREATIES 


GROSS  TONNAGE  OF  SEAGOING  MERCHANT  VESSELS 
LOST  AUGUST  1,  1914-NOVEMBER  11,  1918* 


..    T.                           -     ,                '   ■- JIU. 

Countries 

Total 

Enemy  Action 

Marine  Risk 

WORLD  TOTAL 

15,413,603 

13,022,861 

2,390,742 

ALLIES  AND  NEUTRALS.. 

15,027,718 

12,743,674a 

2,284,044 

United  States 

825,417 
8,899,659 
5,302,642 

394,658 
7,756,659 
4,592,357 

430,759b 

Great  Britain 

1,143,000c 

Other  Countries 

710,285d 

Norway 

385,885e 

1,177,001 

846,333 

888,783 

240,860 

200,829 

345,516 

182,933 

203,190 

167,865 

93,136 

83,819 

120,176 

25,464 

4,275 

6,027 

1,419 

3,973 

758 

279,187 

Italy 

France 

Denmark 

Sweden 

Greece 

Russia 

Holland 

Spain 

Portugal 

Belgium 

Japan 

Brazil 

Argentine 

Urutruav 

Peru 

Roumania 

Persia 

ENEMY  COUNTRIES 

106,698 

Germany 

273,605 
35,599 
76,681 

187,340 
15,166 
76,681 

86,265 

Austria 

20,433 

Turkey 

. ,: r- 

a.  Recorded  by  British  Admiralty,  unconfirmed  by  official  reports  of 
other  countries. 

b.  U.  S.  Shipping  Board,  Division  of  Planning  and  Statistics  Report  for 
vessels  500  gross  tons  and  over. 

c.  No  figures  available  for  further  distribution  of  marine  risk  losses. 

d.  Tabulated  by  Statistical  Branch,  British  Ministry  of  Shipping  for 
vessels  500  gross  tons  and  over,  July  1,  1914-October  31,  1918. 

e.  From  British  Admiralty's  Report  of  German  and  Austrian  Mercantile 
Vessels  and  from  reports  of  the  Allied  Maritime  Transport  Council  as  reported 
to  February  1,  1919. 


*United  States  Shipping  Board,  Division  of  Planning  and  Statistics. 

82 


MILESTONES   ON    THE   ROAD    TO   VICTORY 


EFFECT  OF  WAR  ON  SHIP  TONNAGE 

(Figures  in  round  numbers) 


United 
States 


United 
Kingdom 


Other 
Countries 


World 


At  outbreak  of  war 

War  losses. . 

Gross  reduction  to 

Added  by  building 

Added  by  seizures 

Tonnage,  November  11, 1918 
Added  to  April  1,  1919 

(net  estimate) 

Tonnage,  April  1,  1919 

Gain  or  loss 


7,900,000 

900,000 

7,000,000 

3,400,000 

500,000 

10,900,000 

900,000 

11,800,000 

+3,900,000 


19,250,000 
9,000,000 

10,250,000 

4,800,000 

700,000 

15,750,000 

675,000 
16,425,000 
-2,825,000 


15,250,000 
5,100,000 

10,150,000 
2,500,000 
1,175,000 

13,825,000 

650,000 

14,375,000 

-875,000 


42,400,000 
15,000,000 
27,400,000 
10,700,000 
2,375,000 
40,475,000 

2,125,000 

42,600,000 

+200,000 


Of  the  American  tonnage,  about  6,500,000  is  upon  inland  waters. 


LOSS  IN  VALUES  THROUGH  SHIP  SINKINGS 


United 
States 

United 
Kingdom 

Other  Allies 
and  Neutrals 

Worid's 
Total 

Ship  values 
($200  a  ton)... 

Cargo  values 
($100  a  ton)... 

Property,   money 
and    lives    in- 
sured 
($10  a  ton).... 

Earning  power 
($6.75  a  ton  a 
month) 

$182,370,800 
91,185,400 

9,118,540 
134,033,122 

$1,808,748,800 
904,374,400 

90.437,440 
1,340,331,217 

$1,022,452,600 
511,266,300 

51,122,639 
759,521,023 

$3,013,572,200 
1,506,786,100 

150,678,610 
2,233,885,362 

Total    for    ships 
sunk 

$416,707,862 
$  52,568,383 

$4,143,891,857 
$521,371,841 

$2,344,322,553 
$294,721,962 

$6,904,922,272 

Ships  damaged .  . 

$868,662,186 

Total  marine 
losses 

$469,276,245 
\ 

$4,665,263,698 

$2,639,044,515 

$7,773,584,458 

83 


THE        PEACE       TREATIES 


AMERICAN  DATA  FOR  THE  MEUSE-ARGONNE 
BATTLE 

Days  of  battle 47 

American  troops  engaged 1,200,000 

Guns  employed  in  attack 2,417 

Rounds  of  artillery  ammunition  fired 4,214,000 

Airplanes  used , 840 

Tons  of  explosives  dropped  by  planes  on  enemy  lines 100 

Tanks  used 324 

Miles  of  penetration  of  enemy  line,  maximum 34 

Square  kilometers  of  territory  taken 1,550 

Villages  and  towns  liberated 150 

Prisoners  captured 16,059 

Artillery  pieces  captured 468 

Machine  guns  captured 2,864 

Trench  mortars  captured 177 

American  casualties 120,000 


FIGURES    OF   AMERICAN    PARTICIPATION  IN    THE 

WAR 

Total  armed  forces,  including  army,  navy,  marine  corps,  etc..  4,800,000 

Total  men  in  the  army 4,000,000 

Men  who  went  overseas 2,086,000 

Men  who  fought  in  France 1,390,000 

Greatest  number  of  men  sent  in  one  month 306,000 

Greatest  number  of  men  returning  in  one  month 333,000 

Tons  of  supplies  shipped  from  America  to  France 7,500,000 

Total  of  men  registered  in  draft 24,234,021' 

Total  draft  inductions  (men) 2,810,296* 

Graduates  of  line  Officers'  Training  Schools 80,468 

Cost  of  war  to  June  30,  1919 $30,427,000,000 

Cost  of  army  to  June  30,  1919 $14,930,000,000 

Battles  fought  by  American  troops 13 

Months  of  American  participation  in  the  war 19  \ 

Days  of  battle 200'^ 

Duration  of  Meuse-Argonne  battle  (days) 47 

Americans  in  Meuse-Argonne  battle 1,200,000 

American  casualties  in  Meuse-Argonne  battle 120,000 

American  battle  deaths  of  war 50,000 

American  wounded  in  war 236,000 

American  deaths  from  disease 56,991 

Total  deaths  in  the  army 112,422 

84 


MILESTONES   ON   THE   ROAD   TO   VICTORY 


WAR  CASUALTIES 

Americans  lost  at  sea 692 

British  subjects  lost  at  sea 20,620 

English  men,  women  and  children  the  victims  of  air  raids  and 

bombardment 1,270 

Belgians  killed  in  various  ways 30,000 

French  killed  in  various  ways 40,000 

Neutrals  killed  by  submarines 7,500 

Armenians,  Syrians,  Jews  and  Greeks  massacred  or  starved  by 

the  Turks 4,000,000 

Deaths  beyond  the  normal  mortality  from  influenza  and  pneu- 
monia induced  by  the  war 4,000,000 

Serbian  dead  through  disease  or  massacre 1,085,441 

DEATHS  DUE  TO  WAR 

Military  deaths 7,462,813 

Civilian  deaths 9,185,523 

Total .. .  16,648,336 


BATTLE  DEATHS  IN  ARMIES  ENGAGED  IN  PRESENT 
WAR,  1914-1918 

Russia 1,700,000 

Germany 1,600,000 

France 1,385,300 

Great  Britain 900,000 

Austria 800,000 

Italy 330,000 

Turkey 250,000 

Serbia  and  Montenegro 125,000 

Belgium 102,000 

Roumania 100,000 

Bulgaria 100,000 

United  States 60,000 

Greece 7,000 

Portugal 2,000 

Total 7,461,300 


85 


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THE        PEACE        TREATIES 


AMERICAN  LOANS  TO  ALLIES  * 

The  following  advances  have  been  made  by  the  United  States  Treasury 
to  the  Allies.  These  debts  are  represented  by  demand  obligations  bearing  5% 
interest. 

Belgimn $343,445,000.00 

Cuba 10,000.000.00 

Czecho-Slovakia 55,330,000.00 

France 3,047,974,777,24 

Great  Britain 4,316,000,000.00 

Greece 48,236,629.00 

Italy 1,618,775,945.99 

Liberia 5,000,000. 00 

Roumania 30,000,000.00 

Russia 187,729,750.00 

Serbia 26,780,465.56 


$9,689,272,567.84 
A  total  of  $10,000,000,000  in  loans  to  the  Allies  has  been  authorized  by 
Congress  and  it  is  expected  that  within  a  short  time  the  whole  authorization 
will  be  utilized. 

*  Corrected  to  September  10,  1919. 


INDEX 


INDEX  TO  GERMAN  TREATY 


PAGE 

Air  Forces  Clauses 28 

Air  Navigation 43 

Aggression  Under  League,  Art.  10  9 

Air  Control,  Under  League 9 

Arbitration  Under  League. 10 

Armaments,     Reduction     Under 

League 9 

Armaments,  Rhine  Forts  Demol- 
ished   21 

Alsace-Lorraine  Clauses 22 

Armaments,  Military  Clauses. ...  27 

Armaments,  Naval  Clauses 28 

Armaments,  Air  Clauses 28 

Belgian  Clauses 21 

Bilateral  Treaties 35 

Bond  Issues,  Indemnity 31 

Boundaries,  German 18 

Brazilian  Coffee  Indemnity 34 

Bulgaria,  Treaties  with 26 

Cables  Transfer 33 

Cameroons 25 

Canals,  Kiel 45 

Canals,  Ports,  Railways 44 

Chinese  Clauses 25 

Clearing  Offices 36 

Clearing  Offices 37 

Coal,  Payments  in 32 

Coal,  Saar  Fields  Ceded 21 

Colonies 25 

Commission,  Reparations 31 

Competition,  Unfair 34 

Contracts,  Pre- War 40 

Cancellation,  Mortgages,  Etc 40 

Covenant,  League  of  Nations. ...  6 

Customs  Clauses 34 

Czechoslovakia 23 

Debts,  German  Pre-War 33 

Debts,  German  Pre-War 36 

Debts,  German  Pre-War 37 

Discipline,  under  League 12 

Dispute,  under  League 10 

Between  Members  and  Non- 
members 13 

Dyes  and  Chemicals,  Payments  in  32 

Damages,  Defined 30 

Danish  Frontier 24 

Danube  Commission 44 


PAGE 

Danzig,  Free  City  of 24 

East  Prussia  and  Memel 24 

Economic  Clauses 34 

Customs,  Ports,  Competition . .  34 

Mutilations,  etc.,  Treaties 35 

Pre-War  Debts 36 

Clearing  Offices 36 

Effective  Dates 47 

Egypt 26 

Embargo,  Gold 34 

Enemy  Property,  Restoration.. .  .  39 

European  Political  Clauses 21 

Extra  European  Clauses 25 

German  Colonies 25 

Chinese  Clauses 25 

Siam,  Liberia,  Morocco,  Egypt .  25 

Financial  Provision 33 

Pre-War  Debt,  Cost  of  Occupa- 
tion    33 

Gold  Embargo,  Brazilian  Coffee  34 

Foreigners,  Treatment  of 35 

Forts,  Heligoland,  Demolished. . .  24 

Forts,  Rhine,  Demolished 21 

Free  Ports 44 

Funded  Interests,    Expropriation 

of 33 

German  Austria 23 

Gex  Zone 48 

Gold  Embargo 34 

Graves  and  Prisoners 29 

Guaranties,  Treaty 47 

Heligoland  Forts  Demolished. ...  24 

Indemnities 30 

Industrial  Property 42 

Insurance  Clauses 41 

International  Rivers 44 

Kaiser,  Surrender  and  Trial  of . .  .  29 

Kiel  Canal. 45 

Labor  Organization 46 

Governing  Body 46 

Procedure 46 

General  Clauses 47 

League  of  Nations  Covenant 6 

League   of    Nations,    How   Con- 
stituted      6 

League     of     Nations,     Colonies 
Under 14 


89 


PAGE 

League  of  Nations,  Mandatories.   15 
League  of  Nations,  Seat  of ..... .     8 

League  of  Nations,  Ratification. .   15 
League  of  Nations,  Red  Cross ...   16 
League  of  Nations,  Secretariat. .  .     8 
League  of  Nations,  Treaty  Reg- 
istration    13 

League  of  Nations,   Treaties  to 

be  made 15 

League  of  Nations,  War  under. .   12 
League    of    Nations,    Votes    of 

Members 8 

Liberia 26 

Luxemburg  Clauses 21 

Mandatories  under  League 15 

Members  of  League 17 

Military  Clauses 27 

Miscellaneous  Provision 47 

Morocco 26 

Moselle 44 

Multilateral  Treaties 35 

Naval  Clauses 27 

Navigation,  Aerial 43 

Obligations  under  League,  Art.  10    9 

Obligations  under  League 14 

Opium 43 

Patents 43 

Poland  Established 23 

Political  Clauses 21 

Ports,  Canals  Railway 44 

Ports,  Freedom  of 34 

Preamble,  German  Treaty 1 

Pre-War  Contracts 40 

Pre-WarDebt 33 

Prisoners  and  Graves 29 

Prize  Courts 48 

Railways,  Ports,  Canals 44 


PAGE 

Railways,  Through  Services 45 

Ratification  of  Treaty 48 

Red  Cross  under  League 16 

Rehgious  Missions 43 

Reoccupation 47 

tleparation  and  Restitution 30 

Damages,  Indemnities 30 

Reparation  Commission 31 

Bond  Issues 31 

Shipping,  Coal,  Dyes 32 

Responsibility  for  War 30 

Restoration  of  Devastated  Areas.  32 

Restoration,  Property 39 

Rhine 44 

Rhine  Forts  Demolished 21 

River  Craft  Ceded 45 

Rivers,  International 44 

Rivers,  Danube 44 

Rivers,  Rhine 44 

Rivers,  Moselle 44 

Russian  Clauses 24 

Saar  Coal  Fields  Ceded 21 

Savoy  Zone 48 

Schleswig 24 

Shantung 27 

Shipping 48 

Shipping,  Restitution  of 32 

Siam 26 

Signatories,  German  Treaty 1 

Special  Provisions 33 

Tie  Votes 48 

Trademarks 43 

Transit,  Freedom  of 44 

Treaty  Guaranties 47 

Treaty,  Ratification  of \  48 

Trial  of  Kaiser 29 

Turkey,  Treaties  with 26 


INDEX  TO  AUSTRIAN  TREATY 


PAGE 

Aerial  Navigation 74 

Air  Clauses 62 

Archives,  Surrender  of 59 

Armament,  Reduction 61 

Arms,  Traffic  in 77 

Austria,  Treaty  with 51 

Austro-Hungarian    Bank,    Liqui- 
dation of 68 

Bank,  Austro-Hungarian,  Liqui- 
dation   69 

Banking  Interests,  Foreign 70 

Belgian  Clauses 59 

Bilateral  Treaties 72 

Boundaries 52 

Boundaries  Recognized 59 

Boundary  Commissions 55 

Brest-Litovsk  Treaty 70 

Bulgarian  Clauses 69 

Cables 65 


PAGE 

China  Clauses 59 

Civil  Judgments 57 

Clearing  OflSces 72 

Coinage,  Disposition  of 70 

Commercial  Clauses 72 

Commission,  Reparations 63 

Competition,  Unfair 72 

Contracts,  Etc 73 

Copyrights,  Etc 72 

Crown  Lands,  Disposition 70 

Customs  Clauses 71 

Czecho-Slovak  State 58 

Danube  Clauses 75 

Debt,  Old  War 68 

Debts  of  Transferred  States 67 

Debts,  Settlement  of 72 

Economic  Clauses 71 

Egypt  Clauses 60 

Extra  European  Clauses 59 


90 


PAGE 

Financial  Clauses 67 

Reparation 67 

Surrender  of  Materials 67 

Debts 67 

Foreign  Banking  Interests 70 

Gold,  German  Transfer 70 

Gold,  Turkish,  Surrendered 70 

Graves  and  Prisoners 63 

Industrial  Property 73 

Insurance  Companies 74 

International  Rivers 75 

Klagenfurt  Plebiscite 57 

Labor  Provisions 77 

Legacies,  Donations,  etc 73 

Liquidation  of  Austro-Hungarian 

Banks 68 

Liquor  Traffic 77 

Livestock  Reparations 65 

Luxemburg  Clauses 59 

Minorities,  Protection  of 58 

Military  Clauses 61 

Miscellaneous  Provisions 77 

Money  Standards  Acceptable 71 

Morocco  Clauses 60 

Multilateral  Treaties 72 

Nationality,  Transfers  of 58 

Naval  Clauses 62 

Navigation,  Aerial 74 

Penalties 63 

Pension  Liability 71 

Political  Clauses 55 


PAOB 

Ports,  Waterways.  Railways 74 

Power  Stations,  Central 56 

Preamble 51 

Priority  of  Charges 67 

Prisoners  and  Graves 63 

Property  Rights,  Etc 72 

Railroads,  State,  in  Italy 56 

Railways,  Ports,  Waterways 74 

Railways,  Transit,  Etc 76 

Railways,  Italian  Projects 76 

Reparations 63 

Reparations: 

Livestock 65 

Goods 65 

Restoration  of  Art  Works 66 

Rivers,  International 75 

Rivers,  Danube 75 

Roumanian  Clauses 58 

Russian  Clauses 59 

Schleswig  Clause 59 

Serb-Croat-Slovene  State 57 

Siam  Clauses 60 

Special  Provisions 65 

State  Property  in  Italy 56 

Trademarks,  Etc 72 

Transit,  Railways 76 

Treaties,  Mutilated  and  Bilateral  72 

Treaty,  Brest-Litovsk 70 

Turkish  Clauses 59 

Utility  Holdings 70 

Wireless  Clauses 62 


MISCELLANEOUS 


PAGE 

American  War  Contributions ...  80 

American  Loans  to  Allies 88 

American  Participation  Figures . ,  84 

Argonne,  Data 84 

Casualties,  War 79 

Debts,  War,  of  Belligerents 86 

Diplomatic  Severance  Dates 79 


PAGB 

Expenditures  of  Belligerents 81 

France,  Separate  Treaty  with 49 

Shipping,  Losses  in  Values 83 

Shipping  Losses  of  World 82 

Shipping  War  Effect  on  Tonnage.  83 

Treaty  with  France 53 

War  Declarations,  Dates 78 


91 


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